Our Cardiovascular System Heart, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Smoking and Alcohol and Effects of Exercise GCSE Physical Education

THE HEART Heart Rate Amount of blood per a beat Number of times heart beats per a minute Amount of blood per a minute Stroke Volume Number of times heart beats per a minute Amount of blood per a minute Amount of blood per a beat Cardiac OutputAmount of blood per a beat Amount of blood per a minute Number of times heart beats per a minute

BLOOD PRESSURE As blood moves through the body it exerts a force on what? What happens to blood pressure as it moves through the body? Where do we measure blood pressure from? Why is it dangerous to have high blood pressure? When is blood pressure at its highest? What is systolic blood pressure? What is diastolic blood pressure?

BLOOD PRESSURE As blood moves through the body it exerts a force on what? Sides of the vessels walls OR on the muscles What happens to blood pressure as it moves through the body? Increases OR Decreases Where do we measure blood pressure from? Veins OR Arteries Why is it dangerous to have high blood pressure? Can cause heart attacks OR can cause muscle wastage When is blood pressure at its highest? When valves contract blood OR when ventricles contract blood What is systolic blood pressure? When ventricles are pushing blood out OR when ventricles are filling with blood What is diastolic blood pressure?When ventricles are pushing blood out OR when ventricles are filling with blood

BLOOD PRESSURE WHAT ARE THE MAIN FIVE STEPS TO REDUCING BLOOD PRESSURE? Eat less saltEat more fruitGet better Drink more water Take fitness tests Stay at healthy weight Drink less alcohol Increase muscle size Eat less meatSleep moreExercise more Eat less vegetables

CHOLESTEROL Where is cholesterol made?In the liver OR In the stomach What is it made from? From fatty foods OR From carbohydrates What is the role of high density lipoprotein (HDL)? Builds up in arteries and narrows the space OR Transports away from cells, to the liver, to be broken down What is the role of low density lipoprotein (LDL)? Builds up in arteries and narrows the space OR Transports away from cells, to the liver, to be broken down HOW CAN WE REDUCE CHOLESTEROL? Eat diet low in saturated fatsTake regular exercise Drink more waterEat diet low in unsaturated fats

SMOKING FACTSTRUE OR FALSE Passive smoking is harmful to our health? TRUE Drinking alcohol increases performance? FALSE Smoking causes heart disease? TRUE Smoking causes muscle tears? FALSE Smoking can cause blood clots? TRUE Drinking alcohol causes increased blood pressure? TRUE

IMMEDIATE EFFECTS, REGULAR AND LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE

IMMEDIATE AND REGULAR EXERCISE EFFECTS IMMEDIATEREGULAR EXERCISE Heart rate increases to speed up oxygen delivery Increased strength of heart muscles Increased size of heart Increased stroke volume Increased cardiac output Increased capilirisation Increased number of red blood cells Decreased resting heart rate Blood pressure increases due to increased blood flow Healthier arteries and veins Quicker recovery rate after exercise Systolic blood pressure rises and diastolic stays the same

LONG TERM EFFECTS BENEFITTRUE OR FALSE Drop in blood pressureTRUE Reduction in cholesterol levels TRUE Change of arteries size FALSE Reduction in coronary heart failure TRUE Storing of cholesterol FALSE Reduction in likelihood of stroke TRUE