1. BloodFlow Cardiovascular System Factors That Affect Blood Flow

2. BloodFlow Factors That Affect Blood Flow Blood Pressure Blood Volume Blood Viscosity Resistance Disease Exercise

3. BloodFlowPressure Blood Flow and Pressure Gradient Cells Highestleft Highest Pressure at left Ventricle--Squeezes blood to aorta and out to the body Lowest right right Lowest pressure is blood returning to heart at right Atrium—Squeezes to right Ventricle, to lungs to get oxygen left left From lungs to left atrium and back to left ventricle

4. BloodPressure Blood Pressure Systole—Squeeze, contraction Diastole—Fill, “dreamy” Blood Pressure measurement is taken during systole and diastole of left ventricle The top number is systole The lower number is diastole Normal for average male is 120/80 Normal for average female is 110/70

5. BloodPressure Blood Pressure Force on vessel walls Highest as left ventricle squeezes, contracts Lowest at right atrium Pressure gradient Systole/diastole = ventricle squeeze/ventricle fill

6. BloodVolume Blood Volume About 5.25 Liters of blood in a person Stroke Volume Stroke Volume—Amount of blood in each beat  How much blood in ventricle  How hard the contraction, squeeze  How much resistance in vessels Cardiac Output Cardiac Output—Amount of blood in one minute  Stroke Volume times Heart Rate  Average male—5.25L/minute

7. BloodViscosity Blood Viscosity Viscosity is the thickness of blood It is a direct measure of the blood’s ability to flow. It is a direct measure of the blood’s ability to flow.  Measures how much friction the blood causes affect the vessels  Measures how much oxygen is delivered  Measures how hard the heart is pumping blood  Higher viscosity increases resistance causing high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, type-II diabetes, and obesity

8. Resistance Force that slows down blood flow Caused by blood as it touches vessel walls Longer vessels touch more blood Wide vessels do not touch as much blood Thick, viscous blood has more resistance—viscosity means thickness

9. Disease Hypertension Hypertension—high blood pressure –Plaque builds up making narrower vessels with more pressure—heart attack, stroke –Surgery can replace bad vessels SickleCell Anemia-- Sickle Cell Anemia--Genetic disease—painful, tired  Normal red blood cell become “C” shaped  Cells get stuck, block vessels and clump together  Blood transfusions Exercise, fruits and veggies but no smoking, no overeating

10. Exercise Increases blood pressure Increases blood flow More blood to muscles and less to stomach Same blood to brain Heart beats faster and harder to get more oxygen to cells

11. Test 1.Which side of heart is deoxygenated? 2.Where does blood from the left ventricle go? 3.The part of the heart beat in which the ventricles fill is called _______. 4.Highest blood pressure is found ________. 5.Average female has blood pressure of __________. 6.There is about ________ of blood in a person. 7.Cardiac Output is the amount of blood per _______.

12. Test 1.List 3 factors that cause more resistance. 2.Viscosity means ________. 3.High Blood Pressure can cause _______. 4.Sickle Cells are a problem because they ________. 5.4 ways to keep your heart healthy: __________. 6.Exercise increases blood ________.

13. Answers 1.Right 2.The body 3.Diastole 4.Left ventricle 5.110/70 6.5.25L 7.Minute 8.Viscosity, length, diameter 1.Thickness 2.Heart failure, stroke 3.Block blood flow, stick together 4.No smoking or overeating, eat fruits and veggies, exercise 5.Flow and pressure