Hitler and Nazi Germany

Learning Objectives Understand the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party Understand the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party Understand the impact and effects of Nazi control in Germany Understand the impact and effects of Nazi control in Germany

Adolf Hitler Took control of the Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis) Took control of the Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis) Staged an uprising in Munich that was crushed Staged an uprising in Munich that was crushed While in jail wrote Mein Kampf – “My Struggle” While in jail wrote Mein Kampf – “My Struggle”

Mein Kampf Linked extreme German nationalism, strong anti-Semitism, and anti- communism are with social Darwinism Linked extreme German nationalism, strong anti-Semitism, and anti- communism are with social Darwinism Emphasized the right of superior nations to expand and gain authoritarian leadership over the masses Emphasized the right of superior nations to expand and gain authoritarian leadership over the masses

Enabling Act Hitler became the dictator Hitler became the dictator Gave the government the power to ignore the constitution for 4 years while it made laws to deal with the country’s problems Gave the government the power to ignore the constitution for 4 years while it made laws to deal with the country’s problems

The Third Reich Hitler wanted to create an Aryan racial state to dominate the world – an empire like ancient Rome Hitler wanted to create an Aryan racial state to dominate the world – an empire like ancient Rome Used terror & oppression to coerce opponents – placed them in concentration camps Used terror & oppression to coerce opponents – placed them in concentration camps Churches and schools brought under Nazi control Churches and schools brought under Nazi control Heinrich Himmler – leader of the Nazi Guard Squadron (SS) Heinrich Himmler – leader of the Nazi Guard Squadron (SS)

Why did people support Hitler? Appealed to national pride & honor Appealed to national pride & honor Looked up to him as their deliverer from unbearable distress Looked up to him as their deliverer from unbearable distress Propaganda Propaganda Massive rearmament program solved the unemployment problem Massive rearmament program solved the unemployment problem Rescued Germany from the Great Depression Rescued Germany from the Great Depression

Nuremberg Laws Excluded Jews from German citizenship Excluded Jews from German citizenship Forbid marriage between Germans and Jews Forbid marriage between Germans and Jews Jews were required to wear yellow stars of David and carry ID cards stating they were Jewish Jews were required to wear yellow stars of David and carry ID cards stating they were Jewish

Kristallnacht “night of shattered glass” “night of shattered glass” November 9, 1938 November 9, 1938 Nazis burned synagogues & destroyed 7 thousand Jewish businesses Nazis burned synagogues & destroyed 7 thousand Jewish businesses 100 Jews killed and 30 thousand makes sent to concentration camps 100 Jews killed and 30 thousand makes sent to concentration camps Jews forced to clean up the damage Jews forced to clean up the damage Led to Jews being barred from public buildings and owning or working in retail stores Led to Jews being barred from public buildings and owning or working in retail stores