1. Rise of Fascism
Element: Describe the rise of fascism in Europe and Asia by comparing the policies of Benito Mussolini in Italy, Adolf Hitler in Germany, and Hirohito in Japan.
Vocabulary: fascism, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Hirohito

2. Activate What was the purpose of the Treaty of Versailles?
In what 3 ways did the treaty punish Germany?
Do you think that Germans would have put their trust in Hitler without the Treaty of Verailles?

3. Fascism Description: a nationalistic movement
anti-democratic and anti-communist
a strong central government with a single dictator to run the state that glorified the state above the individual

4. Characteristics
uses propaganda, rallies, beatings, and intimidation to gain power and popular support
leaders are charismatic
promise better times and national glory
blame outside groups for the country’s problems

5. Fascism in Italy Gained Power: ineffective postwar government
used violence to put down a number of industrial strikes and deal with social unrest
won support from middle class industrialists and large landowners

6. Fascism in Italy Charismatic Leader: Benito Mussolini emerged in 1922
Italy’s king, Emmanuel III named Mussolini prime minister
established himself as dictator of Italy
known as Il Duce (the Leader)

7. Fascism in Italy National Glory:
envisioned to restore Italy to ancient Roman Empire
supported Catholicism, and appealed to Italian nationalism
30,000 people marched to Rome and demanded Mussolini be given power in 1922

9. Fascism in Italy Blamed Outsiders:
Mussolini’s followers were the “Black Shirts”
attacked communists in the streets

10. In Summary… List some characteristics of fascists?
What did Benito Mussolini promise the Italian people?
What were his followers known as?

11. Agreement on 1 issue.
Do you want to know when the Treaty of Versailles will be destroyed? asked one communist speaker: When the Red Army stands at the French Frontier…A Nazi countered: We shall tear up the Versailles Treaty without any Red Army. And he continued: only National Socialism can win back all that has been taken from us.

12. Fascism in Germany Gained Power:
won loyalty of conservatives, anti-communists, and many of the nation’s churches
considered the country’s defeat in WWI and the Treaty of Versailles a humiliation
took advantage of the nation’s discontent and the economic depression of the 1920s to win many Germans

13. Fascism in Germany Charismatic Leader: Adolf Hitler
“Fuhrer” (guide of Germany)
In 1921Fascist leader of the Nazi Party (Brown Shirts)
tried and failed to seize power in 1923
became chancellor of Germany in 1933
seized more power with Enabling Act

14. Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
wrote while in prison
Outlined beliefs & goals for Germany
Germans were the “master race”
declared all Jews, Gypsies, Slavs, and handicapped inferior
abolish Treaty of Versailles and conquer Europe

15. In Summary… Hitler was apart of the _________ Party.
Which types of people were inferior, according to Hitler?
What were Hitler’s followers known as?

16. Fascism in Germany National Glory: Hitler gave nationalist speeches
promised to return Germany’s honor following defeat WWI
labeled new government “Third Reich”

17. Don’t be left out
The Volkischer Beobachter reported that, “The wave of acclamation for Hitler was infectious. And it served not only to reinforce the devotion of the already converted, but to isolate the reluctant and hesitant by making them feel outsiders from a society in which the adulation expressed by millions was the norm.” Ibid. , 57.

18. Fascism in Germany Blamed Outsiders:
Nazi Party enacted programs against Jewish people
1935 “Nuremberg laws”
1938 “Kristallnacht” (night of shattered glass)
Concentration Camps
“Final Solution” = Death Camps

19. Nuremberg Laws prevented Jews from being German citizens
forbade marriages between Jews and German citizens
required Jews to wear yellow Stars of David

20. Kristallnacht
November 9, 1938 burned Jewish synagogues and destroyed thousands of Jewish businesses
killed at least 100 people and sent thirty thousand Jewish men to concentration camps

21. After Kristallnacht
Jews were barred from all public transportation, schools, and hospitals
could not own, manage, or work in a retail store
encouraged to leave Germany

22. In Summary… When did people begin paying Hitler some attention?
What are examples of the Nuremberg Laws?
Explain the significance of Kristallnacht.
Why do you think people followed Hitler?

23. Japan
Gained Power:
food shortages, inflation, and other economic problems led to riots and unrest
Great Depression had a severe impact on workers and farmers
trouble finding sources of raw materials and foreign markets
political rivalries resulted in the military seizing power

24. Japan Charismatic Leader: Hirohito Emperor of Japan
reigned from December 25, 1926, until his death in 1989
General Hideki Tojo assumed the role of Japan’s premier
led the nation through WWII
ruled in the name of the Emperor

25. Japan
Hirohito
General Tojo

26. Japan National Glory: Japan placed on wartime status
in 1938 a military draft begun
government controlled all economic resources
Labor unions were disbanded
only one political party
Traditionalists called for a return to older Japanese values

27. Japan Blamed Outsiders:
rejected the influence of Western ideas in education and politics
Western ideas were purged from education and culture

28. Let’s summarize …
In what ways was the rise of fascism in Italy, Germany and Japan the same?
In what ways was the rise of fascism of Italy, Germany and Japan different?