ANIMAL KINGDOM

ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS 1) Heterotrophic 2) Eukaryotic 3) Multicellular 4) lack cell walls 5) organized by body plan 6) invertebrates (95%)and vertebrates(5%)

7 essential functions : 1) feeding pattern- herbivore, carnivore,etc 2) respiration structure- lung, gill, skin 3) circulation- diffusion, circulatory system 4) excretion- liquid waste as ammonia 5) response- nerve and receptor cells 6) movement- 7) reproduction- most sexually ; invert- some asexual

Animal Development ( see pg 678 book ) a) Zygote- B) Blastula– fluid filled ball of cells c) Gastula – D) formation of germ layers

Germ layers Endoderm( innermost) – lining of digestive tract and respiratory system Mesoderm ( middle)- muscle, circulatory, reproductive, excretory Ectoderm ( outermost) -sense organs, nerves, outer layer of skin

BODY CAVITY FORMATION BODY CAVITY- ( COELM) fluid filled space where internal organs can be suspended ORGANIZATION TYPES: 1) acoelomates- no cavity; examples: flatworms 2) pseudocoelomates- cavity partly lined with mesoderm ex : roundworm 3) coelomates- cavity completely lined with mesoderm ex: segmented worm

BODY SYMMETRY Body Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges) Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish) Bilateral Symmetry - has a right and left side (humans, insects, cats, etc)

DIRECTIONS ON BODY Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head)*The more complex the animals becomes the more pronounced their cephalization anterior - toward the head posterior - toward the tail dorsal - back side ventral - belly side Segmentation - "advanced" animals have body segments, and specialization of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine)

SUPPORT / PROTECTION 1) shell 2) hardened spicules ( sponges) 3) exoskeleton ( hard covering on outside) that is secreted from epidermis ; grows; molts ex: arthropods 4) endoskeleton- ( internal skeleton; calcium carbonate, cartilage, bone)

Porifera “PORES” Filter Feeders, sessile, skeleton made of spicules sponges Cnidaria “STINGING” Jellylike; stinging cells for capturing prey; radial symmetry Jellyfish, sea anenomes Platyhelminthes “FLAT” Flat soft bodiesLeeches, tapeworms Nematoda “ROUND” Roundworms, digestive tract with 2 openings ; Roundworm s, hookworms,

Molluscashell ( internal squids) ; soft bodied; Squid, octopus, CLAMS SNAIL AnnelidaSegmented bodies with head and tail ; setae ( hair) earthworm Arthropoda Echinodermata CHORDATA Jointed appendages; exoskeleton; segmented bodies Radial symmetry; endoskeleton; water system; tube feet Notochord or backbone Insects, spiders, crayfish Starfish Fish,reptile, bird mammals