Imperialism Unit 3 Chapter 4

Beginnings of American Imperialism Imperialism: when a stronger country takes over a weaker country for economic or political purposes Reasons for American Imperialism 1.Global competition with other superpowers 2.New markets (countries) for trade 3.Natural resources for industrialization 4.Military needs for our growing navy (more naval bases) Alfred Thayer Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 5.Belief in our racial and cultural superiority Rudyard Kipling’s poem The White Man’s Burden

The White Man’s Burden Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.. Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain.

The Spanish-American War Background- Spain and the Cuban Revolution – Cubans revolt against Spanish – Spain placed revolting Cubans into concentration camps Causes Of War – Many Americans Support the Cubans – DeLome Letter (Feb. 1898)-criticized U.S. president – Explosion of the USS Maine (Feb. 1898)-exploded off the coast of Cuba, Spain blamed for the attack – Yellow Journalism: writing that sensationalized events in order to influence the public (William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer) War Declaration (April 1898) – Teller Amendment-stated Cuba would be granted its independence if the U.S. won

Identifying Yellow Journalism U.S.S. Maine Explodes in Havana Harbor Yesterday at 9:40 p.m. an explosion rocked the U.S.S. Maine killing 260 men onboard. As new details emerge it appears that the filthy Spaniards are responsible as it is believed a mine was planted beneath the ship which blew it to pieces. The Spanish continue to oppress the people of Cuba who seek independence from the Spanish empire. Spain must suffer for their actions and all Americans must Remember the Maine! U.S.S. Maine Explodes in Havana Harbor Yesterday at 9:40 p.m. an explosion sunk the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor. The explosion killed 260 servicemen onboard. At this time it is unclear was caused the explosion. Some are quick to assume the Spanish are responsible, but no evidence of mines or torpedoes has been discovered. The Navy will continue to investigate and take the necessary action if it is confirmed that Spain is responsible.

“The Spanish did it” USS Maine

Yellow Journalism

Does Yellow Journalism Still Exist?

Yellow Journalism

Major Battles – Battle at Manila Bay- Philippines – San Juan Hill- Teddy Roosevelt and Rough Riders Peace Treaty – Cease fire on August 12, 1898 – Cuba gains independence – U.S. forced Cuba to add the Platt Amendment Allows the U.S. to intervene in their affairs U.S gained Puerto Rico, Guam, & Philippines (unincorporated territories) The Insular Cases ( ) Supreme Court cases stated that constitutional rights of U.S. citizens do not apply to U.S. territories – Affected all unincorporated territories (above)

U.S. Foreign Policy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy  The Roosevelt Corollary (1904)  U.S. acts as policeman of the W. Hemisphere  Continuation of Monroe Doctrine  Goal- show U.S. military power- creation of Navy Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy  Gave American loans to Latin American countries  Goal- keep Europe out of W. Hemisphere Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy  Use honesty/cooperation with foreign countries  Goal- U.S. has moral obligation to spread democracy

U.S. Imperialism in the Pacific Alaska – Russia controlled Alaska since 1700s – Russia offers to sell Alaska – October U.S. purchases Alaska for $7.2 million Hawaii – Hawaii ruled by King- unlimited power – 1840s- Americans begin to invest in sugar plantations Americans increase influence; secure constitution (1887) to limit King – Queen Liliuokalani comes to power- remove constitution and U.S.  Jan Hawaiian Planters (Sanford Dole) & U.S. marines oust Queen  Take over Hawaii (w/o permission of U.S. govt.)- Dole named 1 st pres.  Hawaii Annexed (1898)- officially added as US territory

U.S. Imperialism in Asia Philippines – U.S. gained Philippines in Spanish American War (1898) Philippines resisted control – Philippine-American War ( )- U.S. military vs. Filipino revolutionaries (leader Emilio Aguinaldo) Phase 1 (1899)- conventional war (unsuccessful for Filipinos) Phase 2 ( )- guerilla warfare July U.S. declares conflict over – Begin to “Americanize” and “modernize” Philippines

China (1899) – Open Door Policy Created by Secretary of State John Hayes Keep China open to all trade – forced China to allow equal access to its ports to all countries Created spheres of influence (ports each country could trade with) – Boxer Rebellion (1900) Chinese rebellion against Open Door Policy and western influence in the eastern world Put down by joint forces from the US and Europe

Imperialism in Latin America Pan-Americanism: cooperation between North, Central and South American nations in a variety of activities including economic, social, and cultural programs – Said US and Latin America should work together – Pan-American Conference (1889) US goal- improve trade w/ Latin America – Economic control of W. Hemisphere Panama (1903)  US govt. supported Panama’s revolution against Colombia for its freedom  Panama Canal- Panama gave the U.S. rights to build a canal connecting the Atlantic to the Pacific

The Mexican Revolution Background: – U.S. Sends Troops into Mexico – Help Mexico overthrow their corrupt and oppressive govt. Venustiano Carranza becomes President- puppet of the U.S. govt. – Pancho Villa-Leads revolt against Carranza’s presidency U.S. military invade Mexico stop revolt  failure

Reasons for American Imperialism