Warm Up What is a grievance? Generate a list of grievances you have with social media.

Reading Quiz 1.What publication started the Reformation? 2.Martin Luther and his followers became a separate religious group called what? 3.German princes who supported Luther came to be known as what? 4.What was the name of the agreement that allowed German princes to decide the religion of their state? 5.Why did King Henry VIII want to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon? BONUS: List the three main ideas of Luther’s teachings.

Reformation A religious crisis in the Roman Catholic Church

Objectives Describe the conditions that led to the Reformation Explain and evaluate the teachings of Martin Luther and the spread of his ideas Identify the effects of the Reformation in England and the formation of the Church of England by Henry VIII Discuss the traits of Calvinism Describe the Counter Reformation in the Catholic Church

Conditions that led to the Reformation New ideas of the Renaissance –Celebration of the individual (art, science, medicine, leadership) –Love of Classical learning (Greek and Roman) – preserved by the monks –Enjoyment of worldly pleasures (less fear of the church) Popes and clergy focused more on worldly concerns – not spiritual (arts, rebuilding of Rome, Vatican) People expected higher standards! (Conduct from Church leaders) Development of the printing press –Books criticizing church and encouraging personal piety (devotion) –Made the Bible available to all who could read –New ideas spread quicker

Martin Luther 16 th century reformist

Background Son of a coal miner Sent to University of Erfurt to become a lawyer almost struck by lightning and devotes his life to the study of God; becomes a monk Has a spiritual/identity crisis Questions sacraments, relics, pilgrimages, and indulgences Becomes obsessed with the nature of man’s sinfulness

Luther’s Teachings Romans 1:17 “The Just shall live by Faith.” Salvation by God’s grace overcomes the sinful nature of man If you have faith you will do good works

Luther’s Teachings 1.People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness. The church taught that faith and “good works” were needed for salvation. 2.All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. Both the Pope and Church traditions were false authorities 3.All people with faith were equal. Therefore, people did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.

95 Theses 95 Theses October 31, 1517 Luther is infuriated by Johann Tetzel who sold indulgences outside the city of Wittenburg Writes 95 grievances against the Church and nails them to the castle church door in Wittenburg hoping to spark debate The printing press spread his ideas throughout Europe In 1519 Jan Eck challenges Luther to a debate in Leibzig where he accuses Luther of heresy for questioning the authority of the Church

Luther’s Grievances Offended by the splendor and the money being spent by the Church on paintings and new churches The sale of indulgences with the purpose of buying your way out of purgatory The sale of church offices

The Aftermath Luther is excommunicated April Luther is ordered to appear at the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire in Worms Emperor orders him to take back his 95 Theses “Here I stand, I can do no more.” Council of Trent reforms many of the things that Luther addressed in his 95 Theses Luther dies

Council of Trent (1545) Ends the sale of church offices Reaffirms the two sources of God’s truth: Scripture and Tradition Calls for better priest training Reaffirms that faith and works, or sacraments, are necessary for salvation Continuation of indulgences and veneration of relics Retains the Vulgate (Latin) Bible as the official Bible of the Catholic church Continuation of clerical celibacy

The End

Martin Luther Brochure Directions: following the steps below, create and design a brochure focusing on Martin Luther and his ideas 1.Carefully fold your brochure as instructed 2.Front: title, picture, name, date, class period 3.Inside Left: Against Luther (title), letter from Pope Leo X, cartoon against Luther and his teachings 4.Inside Right: For Luther (title), letter of support for Luther, cartoon for Luther and his teachings 5.Back: two unique items