What moves man? The science of “consequence” The situation for action The nature of the “state” The Sovereign One Body.

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Presentation transcript:

What moves man? The science of “consequence” The situation for action The nature of the “state” The Sovereign One Body

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On science (natural philosophy) Philosophy is the study of the causes of the world of appearance (de Corpore) Philosophy studies principles of causality, or “consequence” that govern bodies in motion Four categories for analyzing “appearance”: body, accident, phantasms, names

On Political “Science” Political science = moral science (what is right) + civil science (what is just) Moral and civil science build on a foundation in natural science Subject is man as a moving “thinking-body”

Consequence and right action Special causes in political science: Passions Names and Definitions Formula Giving life to truth: reading the formula Action in context: “consequentialist” morality (If I do this, then this will happen…)

Making the “occasione” What will (probably) happen: making the imaginary situation, or context for action From Chance (“Fortuna”) to Probability (or what is necessary “for the most part”) What “should” happen: what “ought” to happen depends on what “probably” will

“The Laws of Nature oblige in foro interno [‘in conscience,’ or in imagination], that is to say, they bind to a desire they should take place: but in foro externo…[or in action, they oblige] not always. “For he that should be modest, and tractable, and perform all he promises, in such a time, and place, where no man else should do so, should but make himself a prey to others, and procure his own certain ruin... “And again, he that having sufficient Security, that others shall observe the same laws toward him, [and] observes them not himself, seeketh not Peace but War, and consequently the destruction of his Nature by Violence.” (Hobbes, Chp 15, p. 126 in original)

What is a “state”? A general condition or situation (a locus ficta) Hobbes’s influence on enlightenment (Locke, Smith, Rousseau) Why does the change from one state to another seem necessary? What is the logic of the relation between them?

What makes the (necessary) difference? The One Body

Why consent?

What is “sovereignty”? ‘Personation’ and the Power of the One Body Figure The One as foundation of Civilization The State at War vs. the State of War (protecting the Industry of men)

What moves man, in common? His ‘sense’ of his situation, as one among many Constructing the situation: Political Art and Political Science On Subjection: bearing the burden of Power