September 16, 2014 Bedford Senior Center Joyce Cheng RN Community Health Nurse Bedford Board of Health

What is Pneumonia? Pneumonia is an infection in one or both of your lungs. Bacteria Viruses Mycoplasmas Fungi Chemicals More than 30 different causes for Pneumonia. They are not the same. Understanding the cause of pneumonia is important because pneumonia treatment depends on its cause. Approximately one-third of the pneumonia cases in the United States each year are caused by respiratory viruses. These viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children and young adults. The flu virus is the most common cause of viral pneumonia in adults.

Types of Pneumonia Bacterial Pneumonia Viral Pneumonia Mycoplasma Pneumonia Aspiration Pneumonia Walking Pneumonia Atypical Pneumonia- cased by Mycoplasma common in children and young adult Hospital Acquired Pneumonia Tuberculosis

Is Pneumonia Serious? Pneumonia can be very serious and can cause death. Pneumonia tends to be more serious for infants and young children, older adults (people 65 years or older), people who have other chronic health problems, and people who have weak immune systems as a result of diseases or other factors. If you develop pneumonia, your chances of a fast recovery are greatest if: you are young your pneumonia is caught early your immune system—your body's defense against disease—is working well the infection hasn't spread you are not suffering from other illnesses With treatment, most patients will improve within two weeks. Elderly or debilitated patients may need longer treatment.

Complication of Pneumonia Respiratory failure, which requires a breathing machine or ventilator Sepsis, a condition in which there is uncontrolled inflammation in the body, which may lead to widespread organ failure Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe form of respiratory failure Lung abscesses—these are infrequent, but serious, complications of pneumonia. They occur when pockets of pus form inside or around the lung. These may sometimes need to be drained with surgery.

Risk Factors Cigarette smoking Recent viral respiratory infection—a cold, laryngitis, Influenza Difficulty swallowing (due to stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, or other neurological conditions) Chronic lung disease such as COPD, bronchiectasis, or cystic fibrosis Cerebral palsy Other serious illnesses: heart disease, liver cirrhosis, or diabetes Living in a nursing facility Impaired consciousness (dementia, stroke, or other neurologic conditions) Recent surgery or trauma Weakened immune system: illness, medications, autoimmune disorders

Prevent Pneumonia Getting annual flu shot Getting pneumococcal shot (pneumonia shot) Wash your hands frequently Stop Smoking: Tobacco damages your lung's ability to fight off infection Be aware of your general health: Good Health habit

Getting annual flu shot! BOH provide both Hi-dose and regular strength flu- shot for people 65 and older Hi –dose Flu shot- Clinic scheduled on October 9 th 9-11 AM Regular strength Flu shot on October 23 rd 9-11 AM High Dose Fluzone- For people over 65 of age and older As adult age, the immune system naturally weakens and the body produces fewer antibodies. Choice of which inactivated influenza vaccine formulation to use should primarily be driven by the age indication and contraindications and precautions. There is no current preference for: Quadrivalent vs. trivalent High-dose vs. standard dose

Getting Pneumococcal Vaccine! Two Pneumococcal vaccine available for adult 50 and over PPSV-23 Prevnar-13 New recommendations on Pneumococcal vaccine by ACIP on August 13. Prevnar 13 will prevent disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1,3,4,5,6A, 6B, 7F,9V,14