THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE 15.2

The Renaissance Spreads North most cities were in Europe were in Italy By the 1500 the necessity for cities grow to Northern Europe  Renaissance reached large cities like London, Paris, and Amsterdam  Trade the movement of artists and scholars, and the development of printing helped spread the Renaissance ideas northward

The Renaissance Spreads North Trading Goods and Ideas  Trade grew and the Hanseatic League emerged- which controlled trade throughout Europe  It helped protect from pirates and other hazards from trading, built lighthouses and training ship captains  Along with goods ideas were also shared with others  Italian artists fled to Northern Europe and brought their humanistic ideas.  They fled because of the clashes going on between Northern countries and Italian city-states  Some Northern Europeans traveled to Italy for education and brought back there humanist ideas and started universities in Northern Europe

The Renaissance Spreads North A Book Revolution  Johannes Gutenberg- created the printing press or moveable type. Others had attempted and influenced Gutenberg's ideas but he is accredited with the invention  Text was quickly printed on both sides of the paper  Before this time the only way to copy was by hand  Moveable type made printing books, and other printed material cheaper and fast. This made it easier to distribute information  First production was a 1,282 paged Bible  The printing press quickly spread throughout Europe and eventually the world  New ideas were spread  Printed materials spread throughout Europe

Philosophers and Writers Northern Renaissance humanist began to develop their own ideas and writings on theology, fiction, and history Erasmus  Some northern philosophers combined Christian ideas with humanism to create Christian humanism  Erasmus was the leading Christian humanist  Wrote about a pure and simple Christian life without rituals and politics of the church  This helped with the discontent with the Roman Catholic Church  His works were later banned by the church

Philosophers and Writers Sir Thomas More  Humanism was introduced to England by Italians living there and English who had studied in Italy  During Erasmus stay in England he became friends with Sir Thomas More.  More wrote Utopia, a humanist book which criticizes English government and society and gives a vision for a perfect society based on reason  His title Utopia has become the common word for the ideal society

Philosophers and Writers William Shakespeare- considered the greatest English playwright of all time  Was inspired by ancient works of literature  He expressed humanistic ideas like natural science and the complex nature of humans in his plays  His use of language and choice of words and themes made his plays appeal to the uneducated as well as the educated  His played help spread the ideas of the Renaissance  Plays focused on the lives of realistic people  Shakespeare's plays help bring theatres to London and provide a pass time for the people

Philosophers and Writers Christine de Pisan  Work important works which focused on women and the role they played in society  She grew up in France in the court of Charles V, once her husband died she had to leave court and she took up writing to support herself and her 3 children  She wrote a biography on Charles V, and many works about women’s view and role in society  Most famous book was The City of Women  She was one of the few to champion for equality and education for women

Artists Artists in the Northern Renaissance were influenced by those in Italy They adopted Italian technique  However, the Italians focused on the beauty of humans and were heavily influenced by the ancient Greeks and Romans the Northern artist depicted people in a more realistic way

Artists Albert Durer  German painter, heavily influenced by the Italians and made oil painting specific to Northern artists which suited the desire for extreme detail in their paintings Jan van Eyck  Flemish painter who focused on landscapes and domestic life Used symbolism in their paintings to merge everyday life and religion Han Holbein  German painter that used objects to symbolize the subjects of his portraits Pieter Brueghel  Showed scenes of peasants life but was heavily influenced by Italian artists.

Project Open the word document on the moodle paged labeled Renaissance and Reformation project Read THOROUGHLY read through the project instructions. I will explain in a moment