 Why do religious conflicts develop in India following freedom from the British? Shouldn’t everyone be happy that imperialism is over? WARM-UP

ISRAEL

 Zionism – movement in the late 1800s, early 1900s to return Jewish people to their homeland  Diaspora – Jewish people exiled from Israel in the year 132 A.D.  Balfour Declaration – statement written by British foreign minister in 1917 saying that England supported formation of Jewish homeland  Holocaust – genocide inflicted on the Jewish people (and other groups) during World War Two  After World War Two, the Zionist movement gains a lot of support worldwide  What problems are there with the Zionist movement? REVIEW

 1948 – United Nations plan to partition, or split, Palestine into a Jewish country and an Arab (Muslim) country put into action  Israel diplomatically recognized as independent Jewish country by most countries around the world  Who is going to be unhappy about this?  Day after declaring independence, Israel at war with Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria  All of its neighbors  Israel wins war with help of supplies from United States and allies FORMATION OF ISRAEL

 Suez Crisis – Egypt takes control of Suez Canal from Britain. Israel almost declares war to take it back.  Six-day war – in 1967, Arab countries were building up for another war. Israelis attacked airfields first, won big. 800 Israeli troops died, 15,000 Arab troops  Yom Kippur War – Egyptian president Anwar Sadat launched an attack on Yom Kippur, Jewish holiday, caught Israel by surprise. Israel, led by president Golda Meir, counterattacked, won back territory.  Israel is at war almost constantly since declaring independence OTHER MAJOR EVENTS

 1964 – PLO - Group formed to fight as guerilla fighters against Israel to gain independent Islamic Palestinian country  Led by Yasir Arafat  Main weapon was terrorist attacks against the Israeli people  Intifada – protests and attacks on Israeli soldiers to gain independence for Palestinians in the 1980’s PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION (PLO)

 Most attempts at peace between Israel and Palestinians have not lasted  Camp David Accords – signed by Israel and Egypt in 1979 to stop violence – lasted two years  Oslo Peace Accords – signed in 1993 between Yasir Arafat and Israeli president Yitzhak Rabin  Rabin assassinated two years later  Israelis and Palestinians still fighting today – peace efforts haven’t produced lasting effects yet ATTEMPTS AT PEACE