Detector Operations in FY12 and FY13 Erik Gottschalk, Deputy Head of Particle Physics Division DOE Science and Technology Review September 5-7, 2012

Outline Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Introduction Energy Frontier Operations Wrap up CDF DZero Intensity Frontier Operations – Neutrino Program MiniBooNE MINOS  MINOS+ plans MINERvA NOvA Intensity Frontier Operations – SeaQuest Test Beam Summary

Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Introduction

Particle Physics Sector 4 CMS Center Center for Particle Astrophysics Research Support Office ES&H Finance Human Resources NOvA Mu2e Program Planning Associate Lab Director Engineering, Detectors, Operations TheoryParticle- Astro Research Intensity Research Collider Research Particle Physics Division (PPD) Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, 2012

PPD Mission Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Support the US HEP program mission to understand how the universe works at its most fundamental level by: Designing, building, and operating experiments for the Intensity, Energy, and Cosmic frontiers. Providing a “home” for most of the Laboratory users that make up the OHEP experimental community. Leading a focused, efficient program of detector R&D in collaboration with university researchers and other national labs. Hosting a leading theoretical physics program aligned with the three frontiers.

PPD Strategy for Detector Operations Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Support US HEP operations by: Optimizing experiment operations for safety, efficiency, and cost. For example, the 12 th floor shared control room for current neutrino experiments eliminates the need for multiple control rooms. The future Experiment Operations Center (XOC) will be able to accommodate current and future Intensity Frontier experiments. Supporting Intensity Frontier Detector R&D by operating test beams. The plan is to establish the MCenter area for use as a LAr test beam.

Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Energy Frontier Operations

CDF and DZero Operations  Beam operations ended September 30, 2011  Dzero in FY12  Continued no-beam running October-December 2011  Collected cosmic data for tracker alignment and detector studies  Detector secure and stable  CDF in FY12  No operations after beam operations ended  Focus on preparations for D&D, IARC, future use  Detector secure and stable Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

DZero - Operations Summary Averaged ~90% data taking efficiency – 10.7 fb -1 recorded in Run II Detector functioned well up to the last day of Tevatron operations Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

CDF Operations Summary Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Final dataset: 12 fb -1 delivered 10 fb -1 collected Efficiency : similar to previous years Low- √ s running in Sep 2011 √s = 300GeV 20M events √s = 900GeV 85M events Sep 2011 annealing studies will yield useful information Detector drained and secured Collision Hall is now ODH-0 All online computers retired/migrated Accommodating IARC, NOvA construction

Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Intensity Frontier Operations

Neutrino Program Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, FNAL has a very active program with 3 running experiments operating 4 detectors in 2 beamlines and at 2 sites Booster (8 GeV protons) - MiniBooNE - SciBooNE(complete 2008) - MicroBooNE(Starts 2014) MINOS MiniBooNE MINER A Main Injector Tevatron NuMI (120 GeV protons) - MINOS - MINER A - ArgoNeuT(now -> Test Beam) - NOvA (Commissioning 2013)

POT doubled with anti- ν beam 11.3e20 POT (end of run) 5.7e20 POT (last publication) MiniBooNE POT delivered to MiniBooNE since last oscillation publication exceeded 'best case' projections...resulting in doubling of statistics with anti-neutrino. Collaboration is considering a request for additional running. 13 Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, 2012 Operated Aug 2002 – April 2012 single detector, short baseline  experiment studies both oscillations and interactions 23 refereed publications

MiniBooNE Experiment Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, GeV protons, air-cooled Be target, single magnetic focusing horn, and anti- Cerenkov detector filled with 800 tons CH 2, PMTs 541m

MiniBooNE Detector & Reconstruction very stable... Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, NC π 0 Sample anti- ν μ CCQE Sample as evidenced in the overall rate of neutrino candidates per POT (right), and high statistics samples used as constraints for the oscillation search (below)

MINOS Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, MINOSFD MINOSND Operations Mar 2005 – Apr 2012 Two detector, long-baseline   oscillation experiment Broad program of physics analyses beyond oscillations MINOS plan is to continue as MINOS+ after the shutdown (see Steve Brice talk)

MINOS Experiment Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, ~ 5 kton L=735 km ~1 kton L=1km 120 GeV protons, movable graphite target, two horn focusing system, and anti- Two detectors to mitigate systematics Magnetized steel/scintillator tracking calorimeters

MINOS Wrap-up Successful completion of 7 year low-energy beam phase. Total beam received 1.6 x POT  Last targets used were robust. Excellent recovery from April 2011 shaft fire High productivity  28 refereed physics publications & 23 refereed instrumentation publications  67 Ph.D. theses Plan to continue to operate as MINOS+ Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

MINOS+ Plans Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Continued MINOS running in NOvA era On-axis, medium energy beam gives large event rate ~4000 muon neutrino CC events per year expected at FD ~80 tau neutrino CC events Sensitivity to a wide variety of non-standard interactions and model extensions. Collaboration Strength: 50 Faculty (expect 5 from Indian Consortium) 19 Current and expected postdocs 20 Current and expected students (6 from Indian Consortium)

MINOS+ – Shutdown Activity Keeping detectors on during shutdown to collect cosmics, maintain calibration, minimize stresses and allow component tests. Upgrade computing  Control room – plan is to be ready for the XOC when it becomes available.  Underground: mostly software Standard maintenance  Filters and spares for test electronics  Magnet power supply Will recycle CDF processors for Near Detector.  Gives large spares pool of critical components for far detector.  Removes the largest hardware cost. Timing system upgrade essentially complete. Additional cost for MINOS+ is primarily scientific effort and funding for Minnesota operations (Soudan)  FY12 initial cost estimate of $1.6M, budget reduced to $1.4M  We are evaluating the need for an improved utility shaft  Plan is to hold the FY13 and beyond costs at $1.4M per year Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

MINERvA Operating since March 2010 P recision  cross section measurements on a variety of nuclear targets over a broad range of energy ( 0.5 and 20 GeV) With NOvA-era beam (“medium” energy) → Inclusive scattering measurements → Nuclear PDFs Multiple nuclear targets → C, Fe, Pb, He, water 70 Collaborators  29 PhD Students, 4 Masters Students Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

MINER A Detector Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, NuMI beam (same as MINOS) Shares NuMI near detector hall, L=1 km 120 stacked modules - fully active, finely segmented (~32K channels) scintillator tracker surrounded by calorimeters + additional targets upstream of active region MINOS ND acts as a muon spectometer

MINERvA – NOvA Construction Preparation Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, 2012  NOvA cavern construction is a concern  A low cost cover was built and is now in place  Protects from falling debris and water  Smoke Detectors  Cameras  Dust monitors installed.  Top of detector (PMTs), MINERvA DAQ rack, North end of MINOS Hall, MINOS DAQ computers  Respirable dust - dust particles < 2.5 microns  Vibration Monitors 23

MINERvA - Other Shutdown Work Improve Readout Speed  MINERvA DAQ spec’d for 2 sec MI cycle time, before NOvA planned to change MI cycle time to 1.3 seconds  Moving forward on schedule MINOS DAQ Refurbishment: Reduce, reuse, recycle  Readout processors (RIO3’s) old and expensive, expertise gone  PVIC’s no longer available commercially Using Motorola’s recovered from CDF/D0 can solve both these problems Much local expertise, much hardware, move to GB Ethernet instead of PVIC’s  DAQ Computers underground are ~8 years old Have identified 3-year old computers from CDF that meet the requirements  Work in progress Studying Deuterium target possibility Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

NOvA Plan to readout partial detector at beginning of startup Will have several Far Detector blocks ready to commission at start of beam in Spring FY13 Full near and far detectors in FY14 Will operate from 12 th floor control room until the XOC is ready Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

SeaQuest/E906 Significant run was expected in , but beam was delayed by many months, primarily due to vacuum problems in the buried beam pipe that runs under the road near FCC. Beam tuning started in early March 2012  Proceeded quickly  Detector commissioning done in parallel Spectrometer magnets energized 3/25/12  Broken cooling towers threatened operation  Weather cooperated; magnet current had to be reduced only once before shutdown Uneven spill structure  High occupancy caused problems for dimuon triggers  Some DAQ modifications in final weeks helped understand problem and get dimuon data for analysis Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

SeaQuest/E906 - Shutdown Plans Not enough data collected for Drell Yan physics Data Analysis  Expect results on nuclear dependence of J/Psi production Build two new (larger) wire chambers. Develop new TDC microcode to allow higher trigger rate. Build high dynamic range beam intensity monitor to measure beam delivered during spectrometer live time. Replace phototube bases in the highest rate parts of the detector. Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

Test Beam – A. Soha talk Detector R&D resource for many groups Extensive facility infrastructure & instrumentation  Most components re-purposed from other experiments/beamlines In 2012: 11 experiments, 229 collaborators, 64 institutions, 14 countries Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, 2012 Flexible Beams 120 Gev Protons GeV Pions 0.5 – 32 GeV Electrons Broadband Muons 28 Very informative website

Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Accelerator based experiments ran very well in collecting data up to the beginning of the long shutdown Tevatron experiments CDF and DZero both collected data at high efficiency until the end of running DZero had a successful Cosmic run in fall 2011 Both experiments are in safe and stable configuration Publishing at a high rate, and the experiments will complete legacy measurements 29 Summary

Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Fermilab hosts a diverse, world-leading program in accelerator-based neutrino physics 3 highly successful experiments operating in 2 beamlines - MiniBooNE, MINOS, MINER A  Beamlines operated extremely well before shutdown All experiments controlled from common 12 th floor space Experiments prepared for impact of NOvA cavern construction Cavern construction has started SeaQuest is in good shape to start physics program after the shutdown Test Beam continues to operate well and is highly utilized

Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Backup

Experiment Operations Center (XOC) XOC LHC ROC Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

XOC Conceptual Design for Intensity Frontier Experiments Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

The MiniBooNE Collaboration Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, collaborators from 19 institutions in 2 countries

The MINOS Collaboration Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, collaborators from 30 institutions in 5 countries

The MINER A Collaboration Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, collaborators from 21 institutions in 8 countries

● Abilene Christian University: Donald Isenhower, Tyler Hague, Rusty Towell, Shon Watson ● Academia Sinica: Wen-Chen Chang, Yen-Chu Chen, Shiu Shiuan-Hal, Da- Shung Su ● Argonne National Laboratory: John Arrington, Donald F. Geesaman (co-spokesperson), Kawtar Hafidi, Roy Holt, Harold Jackson, David Potterveld, Paul E. Reimer (co-spokesperson), Joshua Rubin ● University of Colorado: Ed(ward) Kinney, Joseph Katich, Po-Ju Lin ● Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory: Chuck Brown, Dave Christian, Jin-Yuan Wu ● University of Illinois: Bryan Dannowitz, Markus Diefenthaler, Bryan Kerns, Naomi C.R Makins, R. Evan McClellan, Jen-Chieh Peng ● KEK: Shin'ya Sawada ● Ling-Tung University: Ting-Hua Chang ● Los Alamos National Laboratory: Christine Aidala, Gerry Garvey, Mike Leitch, Han Liu, Ming Liu, Pat McGaughey, Joel Moss, Andrew Puckett ● University of Maryland: Betsy Beise, Kazutaka Nakahara ● University of Michigan: Chiranjib Dutta, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Richard Raymond, Michael Stewart ● National Kaohsiung Normal University: Rurngsheng Guo, Su-Yin Wang ● University of New Mexico: Younus Imran ● RIKEN: Yoshinori Fukao, Yuji Goto, Atsushi Taketani, Manabu Togawa ● Rutgers University: Lamiaa El Fassi, Ron Gilman, Ron Ransome, Brian Tice, Ryan Thorpe, Yawei Zhang ● Tokyo Tech: Shou Miyaska, Kenichi Nakano, Florian Sanftl, Toshi-Aki Shibata ● Yamagata University: Yoshiyuki Miyachi SeaQuest Collaboration Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7,

The MicroBooNE Collaboration Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Brookhaven Lab Hucheng Chen Jason Farrell Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Don Makowiecki Joseph Mead Susan Duffin George Mahler Veljko Radeka Sergio Rescia Jack Sondericker Craig Thorn Bo Yu Kuo-Chen Wu Yichen Li Columbia University Leslie Camilleri Rachel Carr Gary Cheng Georgia Karagiorgi Camillo Marian Bill Seligman Mike Shaevitz Bill Willis Bill Sippach Cheng-Yi Chi Fermilab Bruce Baller Dixon Bogert Ben Carls Michael Cooke Herb Greenlee Cat James Hans Jostlein Mike Kirby Sarah Lockwitz Byron Lundberg Stephen Pordes Jennifer Raaf Gina Rameika Brian Rebel Rich Schmitt Dave Schmitz Jin-Yuan Wu Tingjun Yang Sam Zeller Kansas State University Tim Bolton David McKee Glenn Horton-Smith Los Alamos National Laboratory Gerry Garvey Jackie Gonzales Bill Louis Chris Mauger Geoff Mills Zarko Pavlovic Richard Van de Water Hywel White Massachusetts Institute of Technology William Barletta Len Bugel Janet M. Conrad Christina Ignarra Ben Jones Teppei Katori Tess Smidt Arati Prakash Michigan State University Carl Bromberg Dan Edmunds New Mexico State University Vassili Papavassiliou Stephen Pate Princeton University Kirk McDonald Changguo Lu Qing He Saint Mary's University of Minnesota Paul Nienaber Syracuse University Mitch Soderberg Jonathan Asaadi University of Cincinnati Ryan Grosso Randy Johnson Bryce Littlejohn University of Texas at Austin Sacha Kopp Karol Lang Rashid Mehdiyev Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Switzerland Antonio Ereditato Igor Kreslo Michele Weber Christoph Rudolf von Rohr Thomas Strauss Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy Ornella Palamara Flavio Cavanna Yale University Bonnie T. Fleming Ornella Palamara Flavio Cavanna Eric Church Roxanne Guenette Andrzej Szelc Kinga Partyka Ellen Klein Christina Brasco Brookhaven Lab Hucheng Chen Jason Farrell Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Don Makowiecki Joseph Mead Susan Duffin George Mahler Veljko Radeka Sergio Rescia Jack Sondericker Craig Thorn Bo Yu Kuo-Chen Wu Yichen Li Columbia University Leslie Camilleri Rachel Carr Gary Cheng Georgia Karagiorgi Camillo Marian Bill Seligman Mike Shaevitz Bill Willis Bill Sippach Cheng-Yi Chi Fermilab Bruce Baller Dixon Bogert Ben Carls Michael Cooke Herb Greenlee Cat James Hans Jostlein Mike Kirby Sarah Lockwitz Byron Lundberg Stephen Pordes Jennifer Raaf Gina Rameika Brian Rebel Rich Schmitt Dave Schmitz Jin-Yuan Wu Tingjun Yang Sam Zeller Kansas State University Tim Bolton David McKee Glenn Horton-Smith Los Alamos National Laboratory Gerry Garvey Jackie Gonzales Bill Louis Chris Mauger Geoff Mills Zarko Pavlovic Richard Van de Water Hywel White Massachusetts Institute of Technology William Barletta Len Bugel Janet M. Conrad Christina Ignarra Ben Jones Teppei Katori Tess Smidt Arati Prakash Michigan State University Carl Bromberg Dan Edmunds New Mexico State University Vassili Papavassiliou Stephen Pate Princeton University Kirk McDonald Changguo Lu Qing He Saint Mary's University of Minnesota Paul Nienaber Syracuse University Mitch Soderberg Jonathan Asaadi University of Cincinnati Ryan Grosso Randy Johnson Bryce Littlejohn University of Texas at Austin Sacha Kopp Karol Lang Rashid Mehdiyev Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Switzerland Antonio Ereditato Igor Kreslo Michele Weber Christoph Rudolf von Rohr Thomas Strauss Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy Ornella Palamara Flavio Cavanna Yale University Bonnie T. Fleming Ornella Palamara Flavio Cavanna Eric Church Roxanne Guenette Andrzej Szelc Kinga Partyka Ellen Klein Christina Brasco 95 collaborators from 16 institutions in 3 countries

The NO A Collaboration Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, collaborators from 32 institutions in 5 countries

The LBNE Collaboration Erik Gottschalk – DOE S&T Review, September 5-7, Alabama: S. Habib, I. Stancu Argonne: M. D’Agostino, G. Drake. Z. Djurcic, M. Goodman, V. Guarino, S. Magill, J. Paley, H. Sahoo, R. Talaga, M. Wetstein Boston: E. Hazen, E. Kearns, S. Linden Brookhaven: M. Bishai, R. Brown, H. Chen, M. Diwan, J. Dolph, G. Geronimo, R. Gill, R. Hackenburg, R. Hahn, S. Hans, Z. Isvan, D. Jaffe, S. Junnarkar, S.H. Kettell, F. Lanni, Y. Li, L. Littenberg, J. Ling, D. Makowiecki, W. Marciano, W. Morse, Z. Parsa, V. Radeka, S. Rescia, N. Samios,R. Sharma, N. Simos, J. Sondericker, J. Stewart, H. Tanaka, H. Themann, C. Thorn, B. Viren, S. White, E. Worcester, M. Yeh, B. Yu, C. Zhang Caltech: R. McKeown, X. Qian Cambridge: A. Blake, M. Thomson Catania/INFN: V. Bellini, F. La Zia, F. Mammoliti, R. Potenza, Chicago: E. Blucher, M. Strait Colorado: S. Coleman, R. Johnson, S. Johnson, A. Marino, E. Zimmerman Colorado State: M. Bass, B.E. Berger, J. Brack, N. Buchanan, D. Cherdack, J. Harton, W. Johnston, W. Toki, T. Wachala, D. Warner, R.J.Wilson Columbia: R. Carr, L. Camillieri, C.Y. Chi, G. Karagiorgi, C. Mariani, M. Shaevitz, W. Sippach, W. Willis Crookston: D. Demuth Dakota State: B. Szcerbinska Davis: M. Bergevin, R. Breedon, D. Danielson, J. Felde, C. Maesano, M. Tripanthi, R. Svoboda, M. Szydagis Drexel: C. Lane, S. Perasso Duke: T. Akiri, J. Fowler, A. Himmel, Z. Li, K. Scholberg, C. Walter, R. Wendell Duluth: R. Gran, A. Habig Fermilab: D. Allspach, M. Andrews, B. Baller, E. Berman, R. Bernstein, V. Bocean, M. Campbell, A. Chen, S. Childress, A. Drozhdin, T. Dykhuis, C. Escobar, H. Greenlee, A. Hahn, S. Hays, A. Heavey, J. Howell, P. Huhr, J. Hylen, C. James, M. Johnson, J. Johnstone, H. Jostlein, T. Junk, B. Kayser, M. Kirby, G. Koizumi, T. Lackowski, P. Lucas, B. Lundberg, T. Lundin, P. Mantsch, A. Marchionni, E. McCluskey, S. Moed Sher, N. Mokhov, C. Moore, J. Morfin, B. Norris, V. Papadimitriou, R. Plunkett, C. Polly, S. Pordes, O. Prokofiev, J.L. Raaf, G. Rameika, B. Rebel, D. Reitzner, K. Riesselmann, R. Rucinski, R. Schmidt, D. Schmitz, P. Shanahan, M. Stancari, A. Stefanik, J. Strait, S. Striganov, K. Vaziri, G. Velev, T. Wyman, G. Zeller, R. Zwaska Hawai’i: S. Dye, J. Kumar, J. Learned, J. Maricic, S. Matsuno, R. Milincic, S. Pakvasa, M. Rosen, G. Varner Houston: L. Whitehead Indian Universities: V. Singh (BHU); B. Choudhary, S. Mandal (DU); B. Bhuyan [IIT(G)]; V. Bhatnagar, A. Kumar, S. Sahijpal(PU) Indiana: W. Fox, C. Johnson, M. Messier, S. Mufson, J. Musser, R. Tayloe, J. Urheim Iowa State: I. Anghel, G.S. Davies, M. Sanchez, T. Xin IPMU/Tokyo: M. Vagins Irvine: G. Carminati, W. Kropp, M. Smy, H. Sobel Kansas State: T. Bolton, G. Horton-Smith LBL: B. Fujikawa, V.M. Gehman, R. Kadel, D. Taylor Livermore: A. Bernstein, R. Bionta, S. Dazeley, S. Ouedraogo London: A. Holin, J. Thomas Los Alamos: M. Akashi-Ronquest, S. Elliott, A. Friedland, G. Garvey, E. Guardincerri, T. Haines, D. Lee, W. Louis, C. Mauger, G. Mills, Z. Pavlovic, J. Ramsey, G. Sinnis, W. Sondheim, R. Van de Water, H. White, K. Yarritu Louisiana: J. Insler, T. Kutter, W. Metcalf, M. Tzanov Maryland: E. Blaufuss, S. Eno, R. Hellauer, T. Straszheim, G. Sullivan Michigan State: E. Arrieta-Diaz, C. Bromberg, D. Edmunds, J. Huston, B. Page Minnesota: M. Marshak, W. Miller MIT: W. Barletta, J. Conrad, B. Jones, T. Katori, R. Lanza, A. Prakash, L. Winslow NGA: S. Malys, S. Usman New Mexico : J. Mathews Notre Dame: J. Losecco Oxford: G. Barr, J. de Jong, A. Weber Pennsylvania : S. Grullon, J. Klein, K. Lande, T. Latorre, A. Mann, M. Newcomer, S. Seibert, R. vanBerg Pittsburgh: D. Naples, V. Paolone Princeton: Q. He, K. McDonald Rensselaer: D. Kaminski, J. Napolitano, S. Salon, P. Stoler Rochester: L. Loiacono, K. McFarland, G. Perdue Sheffield: V. Kudryavtsev, M. Richardson, M. Robinson, N. Spooner, L. Thompson SDMST: X. Bai, C. Christofferson, R. Corey, D. Tiedt SMU.: T. Coan, T. Liu, J. Ye South Carolina : H. Duyang, B. Mercurio, S. Mishra, R. Petti, C. Rosenfeld, X Tian South Dakota : D. Barker, J. Goon, D. Mei, W. Wei, C. Zhang South Dakota State : B. Bleakley, K. McTaggert Syracuse: M. Artuso, S. Blusk, T. Skwarnicki, M. Soderberg, S. Stone Tennessee: W. Bugg, T. Handler, A. Hatzikoutelis, Y. Kamyshkov Texas: S. Kopp, K. Lang, R. Mehdiyev Tufts: H. Gallagher, T. Kafka, W. Mann, J. Schnepps UCLA: K. Arisaka, D. Cline, K. Lee, Y. Meng, A. Teymourian, H. Wang Virginia Tech.: E. Guarnaccia, J. Link, D. Mohapatra Washington : H. Berns, S. Enomoto, J. Kaspar, N. Tolich, H.K. Tseung Wisconsin: B. Balantekin, F. Feyzi, K. Heeger, A. Karle, R. Maruyama, B. Paulos, D. Webber, C. Wendt Yale: E. Church, B. Fleming, R. Guenette, K. Partyka, A. Szelc 347 collaborators from 59 institutions in 5 countries