Unit #1-Global Trade

Review/Preview  ’s  Finished last year talking about the Age of Exploration.  Europe is the center of the world during this time.  European Nation’s are looking for new trading partners, goods, and routes.  European’s were exploring mostly by sea.

The “Old World”  Europe, Africa, and Asia in the early 1400’s.

Trade  Europeans wanted goods such as spices, silk, and tea from “the Indies” or Southeast Asia.  The Silk Road  It ran from Europe to the Indies  Was kept safe by Chinese Rulers

Decline of the Silk Road  New rulers took over control of the Silk Road  It became dangerous  They increased taxes  Europeans looked for new way to get the same products. Rise of Ottoman Empire  Ottoman rulers became “middle-men” in trade between Europeans and Asians  Asian goods became too expensive for most Europeans to buy

Why did Europeans want to explore?  To find new trade routes to the Indies  Wanted to go around the “middle men” and trade directly with merchants in the Indies to get rich  For glory and adventure  To spread their culture  Christian religion and European values

Pause and Write  What might have prevented explorers from reaching the new worlds or far corners of the earth?

Obstacles to Exploration  Lack of knowledge of the world at the current time.  Lack of navigation technology  Lack of ship technology

Obstacles to Exploration  Ocean currents and wind patterns  Sometimes carried ships off course  Sailors had to ride with the currents and winds  Limited ability to explore far away places

Age of Exploration  Explorers began to share information.  Maps, Navigation tools, inventions, ship construction  Technology made exploration easier.

InventionDescription Compass Astrolabe Caravel Gunpowder Exploration Technology  A device which helped sailors find direction by using a magnetized needle which always pointed north  A device which helped sailors use the position of the stars to figure out their location (latitude)  A fast, lightweight ship which used triangular sails and a rudder for easier navigation at sea and in shallow waters  A mixture of chemicals that explodes when lit  Used in guns and cannons for: -protection from other Europeans -to dominate trade -to fight against natives -to hunt for food

Age of Exploration  It can also be called the Age of Discovery.  European countries involved were:  Spain  Portugal  England  France  Netherlands (Dutch)

Spain vs. Portugal  In the 15 th Century the two powerful countries were Spain and Portugal.  They were also very heavily involved in exploration.  When Columbus founded America, there was a dispute.  The world was divided into two halves. Spain got one half and Portugal got the other.  This was known as the Treaty of Tordesillas.

Spain  Early on Spain was looking for new trade routes to South East Asia for gold, silver, and spices.  In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in hope of finding the West Indies.

Spain  Spain by the 17 th Century had claimed most of South America.  They also claimed Florida.

Portugal  Portuguese started by exploring the west coast of Africa.  In 1492 Portuguese explorer Vasco de Game found India by sailing around Africa.

England  England by the 18 th Century had laid claim to most of the East coast of what is today the United States.

France  France did not claim as much land as the other major European countries.  They did claim some of Latin America.

Netherlands  The Dutch claimed a small portion of South America.  They also claimed many of the islands of the coast of Asia, called Indonesia.

Voyages of Exploration

Summary  Flip Note Sheet Over to the Back