CHAPTER 5 NUTRIENTS LESSON 2

You will learn to.. Describe the functions of the six nutrients Demonstrate knowledge of nutrients in a variety of foods Analyze the relationship among good nutrition, health promotion and disease prevention.

NUTRIENTS CLASSIFIED INTO 6 GROUPS ◦ Carbohydrates ◦ Proteins ◦ Fats ◦ Vitamins ◦ Minerals ◦ Water

CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRIENTS (VIDEO)

CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates (carbs) are the starches & sugars present in foods Body’s preferred source of energy. 4 calories per gram Recommended we get 60% of our daily calories from carbs……mainly complex carbs. Foods like potatoes, pasta & bread.

TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES Complex – starches & fiber Simple – sugars (fructose, lactose, sucrose)

ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES Body converts all carbohydrates to glucose, a simple sugar that is the body’s main source of energy.

SO WHAT IS FIBER? Complex carbohydrate that is found in the tough, stringy parts of vegetables, fruits & whole grains. Cannot be digested Cannot be used as energy But it aids in moving waste through the digestive system and prevents constipation. Recommended we eat grams per day.

FIBER & THE AMERICAN DIET

PROTEINS Nutrients that help build and maintain cells & tissue. Made up of amino acids Your body can manufacture all but 9 of the 20 different amino acids. That 9, called essential amino acids, must come from foods we eat. Animal products are good sources of protein (fish, meat, eggs as well as soybeans)

PROTEINS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 2 GROUPS Complete proteins – contain adequate amounts of all 9 essential amino acids Incomplete proteins – lack one or more of the essential amino acids

ROLE OF PROTEINS New cells & tissue especially during times of growth (infancy, childhood, adolescence, pregnancy) Replace damaged/worn out cells Make enzymes, hormones & antibodies Provide energy for the body, BUT NOT THE BODY’S MAIN SOURCE 4 calories per gram Excess is converted into body fat

PROTEIN VIDEO

FATS Some fat in the diet is necessary Fats are a type or lipid, a fatty substance that does not dissolve in water. 9 calories per gram….MORE THAN TWICE THAT OF PROTEINS & CARBS Add flavor & texture to foods Satisfy hunger longer

2 GROUPS OF FATS 1. SATURATED (enemy) – solid at room temperature. (amimal fats & tropical oils like coconut oil) 2. UNSATURATED (good guys) – liquid at room temperature (oils like olive, canola, corn)

FATS

WHAT DO MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SAY? Doctors nearly unanimously agree that eating foods loaded with saturated fats — such as butter, cream and pork in all its wondrous manifestations — can cause heart disease, obesity and diabetes.foods Conversely, foods with unsaturated fats, such as olives and salmon, can have the opposite effect. NO MORE THAN 20-30% OF OUR CALORIES SHOULD COME FROM FAT

SO WHAT IS CHOLESTEROL? Waxy lipid-like substance that circulates in the blood. Excess cholesterol is deposited in arteries thus increasing the risk of heart disease

WHERE DOES CHOLESTEROL COME FROM? Mainly our diet Cholesterol is only a problem when there is an excessive amount in the bloodstream. SO HOW DO PEOPLE GET EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS? Answer: a high intake of saturated fats

CHOLESTEROL

TOO MUCH CHOLESTEROL Too much saturated fats

VITAMINS Compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including digestion, and metabolism of nutrients. Vitamins are classified as: 1. Water soluble – dissolve in water & pass easily into the blood during digestion. 2. Fat soluble – absored, stored and transported in fat.

VITAMINS

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS B C

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS A D

MORE FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS EK

MINERALS Substances the body

MINERALS Substances the body cannot manufacture but that are needed for forming healthy teeth, bones and regulating many body processes. Calcium Chromium Folate Iron Magnesium Selenium Vitamin A Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K: Interactions with Coumadin Zinc

WATER Vital to every body function. Enable you to swallow and digest food Absorb nutrients Eliminate waste Regulates body temperature through perspiration (sweat) 8 cups per day is recommended

REVIEW What are the 6 groups of nutrients? ◦ Carbohydrates ◦ Proteins ◦ Fats ◦ Vitamins ◦ Minerals ◦ Water Indigestible complex carbohydrate? fiber Fatty substance that does not dissolve in water? lipid Which group of fats is associated with heart disease? saturated

You Are What You Eat… So, what exactly are you eating? Complete the webquest as a class Or Complete individually Word Document