2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey Nutrition

Infant and Young Child Feeding Micronutrient Intake Nutritional Status of Children Nutritional Status of Women Prevalence of Anaemia Household Consumption of Iodated Salt © 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare

Infant and Young Child Feeding Provides a newborn with colostrum, a key supplement for the infant’s immune system. 49% of newborns are breastfed within the first hour of life, and 94% within the first day. 31% of newborns given food or liquid other than breastmilk (prelacteal feed), although this is not recommended. 97% of infants are ever breastfed. Breastfeeding Practices

Exclusive Breastfeeding Children who receive only breast milk and no other foods or liquids, even water, are considered exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life, since breast milk contains all the nutrients that a baby needs. Antibodies in breast milk provide immunity to disease. Infant and Young Child Feeding

Exclusive Breastfeeding by Age Age in months Percent of children exclusively breastfed Infant and Young Child Feeding

Duration of Breastfeeding Median duration of breastfeeding in months among children born in the last 3 years Infant and Young Child Feeding

How does Tanzania Compare? Median duration of any breastfeeding in months Infant and Young Child Feeding

Breastfeeding Status Under 6 Months Infant and Young Child Feeding

The Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices (IYCF) recommended by WHO: – Breastfed children over 6 months should also receive 3 or more food groups, at least twice a day, for infants 6-8 months and at least 3 times a day for breastfed children 9-23 months. – Non-breastfed children should receive milk or milk products, in addition to 4 or more food groups, 4 times a day or more. Infant and Young Child Feeding

Complementary Foods Introduction of complementary foods before age 6 months is discouraged. After 6 months, complementary foods should be introduced. 37% of children under 6 months are already consuming solid or mushy food. 93% of children age 6-9 months consume solid or mushy food. Infant and Young Child Feeding

Micronutrient Intake Nutritional Status of Children Nutritional Status of Women Prevalence of Anaemia Household Consumption of Iodated Salt © 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare

Vitamin A and Iron Intake among Children Among youngest child age 6-35 months living with his/her mother Among children age 6-59 months

Vitamin A and Iron Intake among Mothers Among women with children under age 3 living with them Among women with children under age 5

Infant and Young Child Feeding Micronutrient Intake Nutritional Status of Children Nutritional Status of Women Prevalence of Anaemia Household Consumption of Iodated Salt © 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare

Nutritional Status of Children Percent of children under *Based on the new WHO Child Growth Standards

Children’s Stunting by Region Percent of children under 5 stunted (too short for age) Tanzania 42% Kagera 44% Mwanza 39% Mara 31% Arusha 44% Manyara 46% Tanga 49% Kilimanjaro 28% Pwani 32% Morogoro 44% Dodoma 56% Singida 39% Tabora 33% Shinyanga 43% Kigoma 48% Rukwa 50% Mbeya 50% Iringa 52% Ruvuma 46% Mtwara 44% Lindi 54% Dar es Salaam 19% Pemba North 39% Pemba South 31% Town West 20% Unguja North 41% Unguja South 29%

Infant and Young Child Feeding Micronutrient Intake Nutritional Status of Children Nutritional Status of Women Prevalence of Anaemia Household Consumption of Iodated Salt © 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare

Nutritional Status of Women Percent of women by nutritional status

Tanzania 22% Kagera 11% Mwanza 19% Mara 11% Arusha 23% Manyara 13% Tanga 25% Kilimanjaro 35% Pwani 28% Morogoro 29% Dodoma 10% Singida 13% Tabora 19% Shinyanga 14% Kigoma 13% Rukwa 16% Mbeya 30% Iringa 22% Ruvuma 17% Mtwara 11% Lindi 10% Dar es Salaam 45% Pemba North 18% Pemba South 24% Town West 39% Unguja North 24% Unguja South 38% Women’s Nutritional Status by Region Percent of women age who are overweight or obese

Infant and Young Child Feeding Micronutrient Intake Nutritional Status of Children Nutritional Status of Women Prevalence of Anaemia Household Consumption of Iodated Salt © 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare

Anaemia Testing All children age 6-59 months and women age were eligible for anaemia testing. Eligible women and parents/guardians of eligible children completed informed consent process. HemoCue analyzer was used to check haemoglobin levels. Women with severe anaemia and the parents/guardians of children who had anaemia requiring treatment were given a written referral to a health facility for treatment.

Anaemia in Children Percentage of children age 6-59 classified as having anaemia

Anaemia in Children by Region Percent of children age 6-59 months with any anaemia Tanzania 59% Kagera 49% Mwanza 63% Mara 47% Arusha 63% Manyara 52% Tanga 53% Kilimanjaro 42% Pwani 71% Morogoro 59% Dodoma 48% Singida 44% Tabora 69% Shinyanga 75% Kigoma 62% Rukwa 42% Mbeya 55% Iringa 46% Ruvuma 59% Mtwara 67% Lindi 77% Dar es Salaam 69% Pemba North 70% Pemba South 69% Town West 65% Unguja North 78% Unguja South 59%

Trends in Anaemia in Children Percentage of children age 6-59 classified as having anaemia

Anaemia in Women Percentage of women age classified as having anaemia

Anaemia in Women by Region Tanzania 40% Kagera 29% Mwanza 52% Mara 36% Arusha 33% Manyara 27% Tanga 35% Kilimanjaro 18% Pwani 51% Morogoro 45% Dodoma 29% Singida 29% Tabora 55% Shinyanga 54% Kigoma 35% Rukwa 22% Mbeya 32% Iringa 28% Ruvuma 33% Mtwara 39% Lindi 56% Dar es Salaam 56% Pemba North 64% Pemba South 59% Town West 58% Unguja North 62% Unguja South 47% Percentage of women age classified as having any anaemia

Trends in Anaemia in Women Percentage of women age classified as having anaemia

Infant and Young Child Feeding Micronutrient Intake Nutritional Status of Children Nutritional Status of Women Prevalence of Anaemia Household Consumption of Iodated Salt © 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare

Household Consumption of Iodated Salt Among households with tested salt, percent distribution by iodine content of salt

Key Findings Children are breastfed for a median of 20.9 months – However, children are exclusively breastfed for less than 2.4 months 50% of children under 6 months are exclusively breastfed, and 37% are already receiving complementary foods 42% of children are stunted (short for their age) 11% of women are thin, while 22% are overweight or obese 59% of children age 6-59 months and 40% of women age are classified as having anaemia. 59% of households with tested salt had an adequate amount of iodine in the salt.

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