BY K.MOUNIKA CSE 4 TH YEAR

What is a Tsunami? A tsunami is a wave in the ocean or in a lake that is created by a geologic event characterized by a series of waves with extremely long wave length and long wave period. Tsunami word originating from a Japanese word meaning “Harbor Wave”  “Tsu" means ‘Harbor’  "nami” means ‘Wave’

What causes Tsunami?  Seismic Activity (Earthquakes)  Submarine Landslides  Volcanic eruptions  Asteroids and comets striking the Earth

Earthquakes

Submarine Landslides

Volcanic eruption

Asteroids

Adverse Effects of Tsunami ? These gigantic waves are probably one of the most powerful and destructive forces of nature. Destruction and damage Death, injury, disease Millions of dollars in financial loss, Psychological problems for the inhabitants of the affected region.

Can we predict Tsunami ? Since earthquakes cannot be predicted. Tsunami cannot be predicted. But we can forecast tsunami arrival times and wave heights through the use of computer modeling after a tsunamigenic earthquake (Richter Magnitude > 7.0) has been recorded.

Worlds Tsunami Occurrences

What is Tsunami Warning System? A Tsunami Warning System (TWS) is a system to detect tsunamis and issue warnings to prevent loss of life and property. It consists of two equally important components: Network of sensors to detect tsunamis Communications infrastructure to issue timely alarms to permit evacuation of coastal areas.

Working principle of TWS Earthquakes are detected through a network of seismic monitoring stations. The seismic monitoring stations can determine the location and depth of earthquakes that have the potential to cause tsunami. Any resulting tsunami are then verified by sea-level monitoring stations (Tidal gauges) and Deep-ocean tsunami detection buoys (Tsunameter ).

There are two distinct types of tsunami warning systems: International warning system (IWS) Regional or Local tsunami warning system

International warning system (IWS) These center uses both data like seismic and water level data from coastal and deep sea buoys. Tsunamis travel at km/s in open water, while seismic waves travel at a typical speed of 4 km/s. This gives time for a possible tsunami forecast to be made and warnings to be issued to threatened areas.  Pacific Ocean Tsunami warning system  Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System  North Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Connected Seas Tsunami Warning System  Caribbean Tsunami warning system

Regional Tsunami warning system Regional warning system centre's use seismic data about nearby recent earthquakes to determine if there is a possible local threat of a tsunami. Such systems are capable of issuing warnings to the general public (via public address systems and sirens) in less than 15 minutes.

Detecting Tsunami  Seismometers  Coastal tide gauges  Open-ocean tsunami buoys/DART Buoys

NOAA and DART Stations NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations Responsible for providing tsunami warnings to the Nation DART - Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis Station that detect tsunamis

DART System

DART Program

Hardware 3 Keller-America Acculevel Pressure Sensor ES 308 Board

Software Dynamic C To determine when the pressure is high enough for a tsunami Controls communication to the equipment on the surface Microsoft Excel / Matlab Generates plots of Pressure vs. Time

Warnings of Tsunami in coast Severe ground shaking from local earthquakes may cause tsunamis. As a tsunami approaches shorelines, water may recede from the coast, exposing the ocean floor, reefs and fish. Abnormal ocean activity, a wall of water, and an approaching tsunami create a loud "roaring" sound similar to that of a train or jet aircraft. Mobile Apps are created to issue warning and watch of Tsunami.

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