Open Educational Resources (OER): Major Initiatives in India Uma Kanjilal Indira Gandhi National Open University New Delhi

Definition of OER “Digitised material offered freely and openly to educate students and independent learners to use and reuse for teaching, learning and research”. Term coined in 2002 in UNESCO Forum on impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing countries.

Comparing related terms OAOEROCW E-learning sharing content, usually of scholarly nature, without a requirement for the use of an Open license educational content that is shared under an Open license sharing open content that is developed specifically to instruct a course electronic instructional resources that are not necessarily Openly licensed

Open Movements 1. Open Source 2. Open Content 3. Open Educational Resources 4. Open Text Books 5. Open Degrees 6. Open Knowledge

Open Collections and Repositories Wikipedia Wikiversity Connexions (Rice University) MERLOT Knowledge Hub Flicker CC UNESCO Internet Archive I Tunes You Tube

Major University based OER Collections MIT Open University Open Learning Initiative (OLI)- CMU eGyanKosh- IGNOU United Nations University

Major Learning Object Repository Initiatives MERLOT (Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching) CAREO (Campus Alberta Repository of Educational Objects) Connexions NPTEL (126 web courses and 115 video courses) NCERT Text Books CEC LOR repository June 7, 2016Uma Kanjilal, IGNOU7

Barriers to OER Movement intellectual property rights and digital rights management- Creative Commons license Discoverability- OERCommons, Creative Commons search, and OCWC Course Finder June 7, 2016Uma Kanjilal, IGNOU8

National Knowledge Commission (NKC) Recommendations Use of globally available Open Educational Resources (OER) and Open Access (OA) as a means of radically increasing the widespread availability of high-quality educational resources Setting up of a National Education Foundation to develop web based common open resources

OA, Open Source and OER: Status in India Active player in the open source software movement, and OA movement – Increasing availability of OA electronic journals, OA institutional repositories and open source software-based repositories such as DSpace and EPrints. scientific journals accessible as OA Indian Institute of Science of Bangalore, along with Carnegie Mellon University, along with 21 Indian institutions have digitised more than 450,000 books, 220,000 of which are now web accessible Open Source tools in education- Brihaspati and Vmukti Major initiatives like NMEICT and NPTEL to develop open educational content

National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NME-ICT)

The Mission approved by the Government of India on the 2 nd January, NMEICT launched on 3 rd February, It is a Centrally sponsored scheme which entails 75% contribution from the Centre and 25% from States/Institutions for connectivity. In the case of NER, the ratio is 90: % contribution from Centre for content generation. 50% contribution from Centre for devices.

Broad Objectives To use ICT in enhancing teaching and learning. To reach hitherto deprived sections and rural / under-developed areas. To help in raising the GER in higher education by 5% in the current Five Year Plan.

Major ongoing projects under the Mission National Programme of Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) Virtual Labs Educational Resource Planning (ERP) Mobile e-Learning Terminals (MeLT) E-books and e-journals (N-LIST) Haptic devices

Sakshat Portal

Objectives of the Sakshat Portal

Sakshat: An Official Website of NME-ICT Provide updates on the National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT) Keep record of meetings of the different Committees of the Mission Platform for project uploading, reviewing and monitoring Provide one stop access to all e-content developed under the Mission as well as open access and licensed e-journals and e-books Manage scholarships of the MHRD Provide virtual learning platform for the learners with built in interactivity

Sakshat Modules Project Management System Scholarship Management System Learning Resource Repository E-book and e-journal portal Virtual Classroom Live webcasting and video on demand

2nd Quad e-Tutorial Content Video + Audio in an organised form, Animation, Simulations, Virtual Labs 3rd Quad Web Resources Related Links, Wikipedia Development of Course, Open Content in Internet, Case Studies, Anecdotal information, Historical development of the subject, Articles 1st Quad e-Content PDF / e-Books / illustration, video demonstrations / document arising & Interactive simulations wherever required 4th Quad Self Assessment MCQ, Problems, Quizzes, Assignments & solutions, Online feedback through discussion forums & setting up the FAQ, General Misconceptions Four Quadrant Approach

Virtual Class June 7, 2016 Uma Kanjilal, IGNOU21

National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) open courseware initiative by seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) objective of NPTEL program is to enhance the quality of engineering education in the country by developing curriculum based video and web courses supplementary content for 129 web courses in engineering/science and humanities 110 courses have been developed in video format, with each course comprising of approximately 40 or more one-hour lectures Proposed for Virtual Technical University

eGyanKosh (e=electronic, gyan= knowledge, kosh= repository) of IGNOU Collection of more than covering 95% of the IGNOU SIMs and 1600 videos Webcasting of Broadcast channels Wiki for Collaborative content generation

FlexiLearn Main Page June 7, 2016Uma Kanjilal, IGNOU24

A Move Towards Flexible Learning Environment Course wise registration and assessment Modular approach to earn course credits for obtaining a diploma or degree Academic Advisors for each course E-portfolio for a formal record of all formal and informal studies carried out by the registered learner On demand assessment

LOR Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC) CEC is an inter-university centre on electronic media underthe University Grants Commission (UGC) CEC in coordination with its 17 Educational Multimedia Research Centres produces television programmes in various subject categories in English, Hindi and regional languages A/V programmes are syllabus-based topics taught in schools, polytechnics, colleges and universities CEC Learning Object Repository (LOR) and the Digital Video Repository (DVR) provides worldwide access to these qualitative learning resources

NCERT Online Textbooks NCERT is an apex resource organization set up by the Government of India to assist and advise the Central and State Governments on academic matters related to school level education NCERT publishes school textbooks, mainly in English, Hindi and Urdu. School textbooks are now freely available on the Internet for students and teachers through its website Most of the textbooks available in this portal are new editions, based on the National Curriculum Framework

Other Projects Ekalavya, launched by IIT, Bombay an open education initiative for content development in various Indian languages. Open Source Educational Resources Animation Repository (OSCAR) that provides web-based interactive animations for teachingis part of the project. Project on curriculum based content to address the information needs of the undergraduate students of science through National Science Digital Library (NSDL) initiative under the aegis of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

Issues and Challenges Most of them in nascent stage of development Mostly not following any standards, Based on Web 1.0 tools, migration towards Web 2.0 necessary None of them available under Creative Commons Licences How to enhance and relate to teaching learning process? How to cater to heterogeneous group needs?

Thank You