So What Happens Next???

New Kingdom 1540 – 1070 BCE (18 th – 20 th Dynasty) Ahmose took back control from the Hyksos and begins the 18 th Dynasty Time of wealth and power – “Egypt’s Golden Age” Trade increased Temple built and restored Expansion of territory through military conquest Period ends after Ramses dies – Egypt weakens and Sea Peoples invade

 List the 3 Kingdoms in order and reason for demise.

An intermediate period means a breakdown of central government. There were 3 intermediate periods – one after the Old Kingdom (1 st ), one after the Middle Kingdom (2 nd ), and one after the Old Kingdom (3 rd ).

 What is an intermediate period?

3 rd Intermediate Period BC After battles with the Hittites and Sea Peoples, Egypt is severely weakened and collapses Upper and Lower Egypt split AGAIN Peoples from Libya invade and take over Lower Egypt Upper Egypt is unhappy so they appeal to their neighbors in the south - KUSH Around 715 BC, a Kushite king from south of Egypt, named Piankhy, invaded and conquered most of Egypt and founded Dynasty 25 of the Pharaohs.

 What is the name of the Kushite King who began the 25 th Dynasty?

The ruthless Assyrians from the fertile crescent expand their empire By 664 BC they have battled and conquer Kushite Pharaohs in Egypt BUT…Assyrians are too far away to rule Egypt well so they only are in power for 50 years After Kush comes the Assyrians

 Where did the Assyrians come from?

After the fall of Assyria in 612 B.C., the major foreign threat to Egypt came from the Babylonians. Although Babylonia had invaded Egypt in 568 B.C. during a brief civil war, both countries formed an alliance in 547 B.C. against the rising threat of the Persian Empire The Persians conquered Babylonia in 539 B.C. and Egypt in 525 B.C., bringing an end to native control of Egypt. The Persians ruled as foreigners rather than Egyptians. For the first time in its 2,500-year history as a nation, Egypt was no longer independent.

 Who was the group to end native control of Egypt?

By 332 BC, Alexander the Great conquered Egypt as part of his takeover of the Persian Empire with a Greek Army under the leadership of General PtolemyAlexander the Great

 Who is the famous conqueror who began the Greek rule of Egypt?

 Alexander dies in 323 BC  Ptolemy takes over Egypt  He and his successors (all called Ptolemy) ruled Egypt until the Romans conquered it in 30 BC.  The Ptolemies take back much of Israel and Syria.  They brought Greek culture and language to Egypt  Ordinary people continued to speak Egyptian and worship Egyptian Gods

 Who took over after Alexander the Great’s death? What was his relation to Aleaxander?

 By the time of the Roman Julius Caesar, around 50 BC, the Ptolemies, the Greek kings of Egypt, were much weaker than the Romans.Julius CaesarBCPtolemies  When Julius Caesar visited Egypt, the Ptolemaic (Greek) queen of Egypt, Cleopatra, she begged him to help her fight a civil war against her teenaged brother and husband, Ptolemy.

 Which Roman visits Egypt and falls for a Greek Queen named Cleopatra?

 Julius Caesar did help her, but he left Roman troops all over Egypt, and also took Cleopatra back to Rome with him as his girlfriend.  When Julius Caesar was assassinated in Rome in 44 BC, Cleopatra returned to Egypt with another Roman leader, Mark Anthony (who was also her boyfriend).assassinatedBC

 What happened after Caesar was assassinated?

 In a civil war between Julius Caesar's nephew Augustus and Marc Anthony, Antony and Cleopatra were defeated. They killed themselves (or perhaps were killed) in 30 BC, and the Romans took over Egypt.

 Which empire takes over after the Ptolemies loose power?

 Romans value fertile land in Egypt and the grain it could yield  Establish a Roman-Style Government  Around AD, most Egyptians converted to ChristianityADChristianity  Held Egypt for around 700 years

 What were 2 lasting influences that Romans brought to Egypt?

As part of the rise of the new religion of Islam in Western Asia, the Arabs established a new empire centered on Syria and soon conquered Egypt.Islam Gradually people of Egypt convert from Christianity to Islam Around 1500, Egypt became part of the Islamic Ottoman Empire, which held Egypt until modern times.Ottoman Empire

 Which empire endures in Egypt today?

 Egypt has been in a period of civil unrest since January of 2011  People there were unhappy with their leader President Mubarak and they took to the streets in protest  Mubarak resigned on February 11 th 2011

 Who was the Egyptian president that was ousted in 2011?

 After Mubarak stepped down, the military took over  Even though there were hopes to elect a new leader, the military will not give up power  In November 2011 people returned to Tahrir Square in Cairo to protest again  Voting finally occurred, with the Muslim Brotherhood’s Freedom and Justice Party getting the most votes BUT the military still will not give up power

 Who is currently in control of Egypt? Is that a problem? Why?