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What is the difference between Civil Rights Civil Liberties

Vocabulary Civil Rights Legal and political rights enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. Refer to positive actions of government should take to create equal conditions for all Americans. Civil Liberties Civil liberties are protections against government actions. For example, the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights guarantees citizens the right to practice whatever religion they please.

Vocabulary Social Equality An ideal condition in which all members of society have the same basic rights, security, opportunities, obligations and social benefits

Characteristics of an Historical Era Has a distinctive feature Political, social or economic commonality Considered to be relative chronology

Defining Characteristics of Civil Rights Era Political organizations Civil Rights Act of 1965 Various approaches to advocacy Significant Supreme Court cases Presidential actions and congressional votes Significant leaders

Significant Date 1968: Martin Luther King Jr. assassination

Historical Development of Civil Rights Movement 13 th Amendment – Forbade slavery in the United States 14 th Amendment- Declared that all persons born in the U.S. were citizens and entitled to equal rights. ( except American Indian) 15 th Amendment – granted African American men the right to vote Remember Free-Citizen-vote 19 th Amendment 19 th Century Abolitionists Civil war Emancipation Reconstruction Resistance to the rise of KKK

20 th Century Civil Rights Movement W.E.B. DuBois Founder of the NAACP In favor of achieving immediate racial equality Desegregation of the Armed Forces Executive Order 9981: Desegregation of the Armed Forces (1948) President Truman issued the order. There was considerable resistance to the executive order from the military, but by the end of the Korean conflict, almost all the military was integrated.

Brown vs. Board of Education Thurgood Marshall argued the case for the NAACP. Argued that education received was inherently inferior Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote the unanimous decision of the Supreme court

Brown vs. Board of Education Central to the success of the Civil Rights Movement. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and marked the end of legal segregation in public schools.

Montgomery Bus Boycott Supreme Court had overturned legal, segregation in public school, but still left other segregation laws. Jim Crow Laws – These laws prevented African Americans from sharing beaches, theaters, restaurants, water fountains, and buses. December of 1955 Rosa Parks a seamstress refused to give up here seat to a white passenger in Montgomery Alabama.

Rosa Parks

Hector P. Garcia Mexican American physician and civil rights advocate. Organized the American G.I. Forum 1948 – initially to improve veteran benefits and enhance medical attention

Betty Friedan Wrote The Feminine Mystic: detailing the concerns of American housewives which reinvigorated the women’s movement. Co-founded NOW Revived interest in the women’s rights movement

Montgomery Bus Boycott movement/videos/freedom-march

Montgomery Bus Boycott Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat. Local leaders began a boycott of the city’s public buses. Boycott lasted for 13 months A young pastor from Montgomery by name of Martin Luther King led the boycott. movement/videos/montgomery-bus- boycott?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

Martin Luther King Jr. In Late 1950’s Martin Luther King Jr. emerged as the leader of the Civil Rights Movement. Advocated nonviolent civil disobedience Wanted equal rights for African Americans including desegregation in the public sphere Won the Nobel Prize for Peace history/martin-luther-king-jr/videos h?q=TeacherTube+I+Have+a+Dream &FORM=RESTAB#view=detail&mid= 27425A904D7F A90 4D7F

Compare and contrast approach taken by Civil Rights Groups Nonviolent Those who participated in sit- ins, by provoking segregationists into angry responses ( gained sympathy) Best known for sit-ins and marches Men, women, and children participated in peaceful protests Groups – SCLC, NAACP, SNCC, and Core Militant Willingness to use violence Known for being openly armed in uniforms of black berets and leather jackets Predominately males Group(s) – Black Panthers

Impact of the writings of Martin Luther King Jr. “I have a Dream” Speech Delivered at the March on Washington Quoted the Declaration of Independence “all men are created equal” It inspired many people, giving strength and momentum to the movement “Letters from Birmingham Jail” “there are two types of laws, just and unjust” “one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws” Promotes civil disobedience earch?q=martin+luther+king& FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail& mid=7D1E8A69CA C4 7D1E8A69CA C4 40NvGnpcKs

Little Rock Nine Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas Ordered the Arkansas National Guard to surround the all-white Little Rock High School and prevent 9 African- American students from entering. opics/black-history/civil- rights- movement/videos/little- rock-nine-rev opics/black-history/civil- rights- movement/videos/little- rock-nine-rev

Little Rock Nine President Eisenhower ordered federal troops to Little Rock to ensure that the Little Rock Nine could attend school. Following year Faubus closed the schools.

Other Leaders That Supported Segregation Lester Maddox – Restaurant owner in Georgia Rose to national attention when refused to let African Americans enter after a court order. Closed down his business and ran for Governor and won

Other Leaders That Supported Segregation George Wallace – Governor of Alabama National attention when he stood at door to University of Alabama in a symbolic attempt to prevent two African American students from enrolling at school. He was forced to step down.

Groups That Wanted The Status Quo Congressional bloc of southern Democrats Group of 18 southern Democrats and one Republican worked to block the Civil Rights Act of Relied on a filibuster in the Senate to postpone the legislation as long as possible.

Civil Rights Video Clips from-selma-to-montgomery?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

ROLES OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS THAT PROMOTED CIVIL RIGHTS. Political organizations organized rallies, demonstrations, boycotts, and lobbying efforts.

African American Political Reform Organizations NAACP - National Association for the Advancement of Colored People SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Conference SNCC – Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee CORE – Congress on Racial Equality

Chicano Political Reform Organizations LULAC – League of United Latin American Citizens UFWOC – United Farm Workers Organizing Committee La Raza Unida ( Mexican-Americans United)

Other Political Reform Organizations American Indian AIM – American Indian Movement

Other Political Reform Organizations Women’s Civil Rights Movements NOW - National Organization for Women Jews – Anti Defamation League (ADL)

Other Political Reform Organizations Human Rights Campaign (HRC) American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)-created to ensure that the gains made in the civil rights movement were not taken away

Caesar Chavez Hispanic labor leader and farm worker who worked for reforms and rights of migrant workers. Founders of (UFWOC) – United Farm Workers Organizing Committee Farm workers organized boycotts.

Dolores Huerta’s – advocating for the rights of American farm workers

Methods of Expanding the Right to Participate Lobbying – the act of persuading legislators to vote for legislation Litigation – laws are the legal method of changing discriminatory practices:; however, they must be enforced for change to occur Amendments to the U.S. Constitution

Expanding Economic Opportunities Great Society – set of domestic programs designed to eliminate poverty and racial injustice Affirmative Action – refers to the steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education and business from which they have been historically excluded

Title IX Title IX- “No person in the U.S. Shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance… bets know for its impact on high school and collegiate athletics.

Expanding Economic Opportunities Federal Housing Authority – improve housing standards and conditions: insurance of mortgages Head Start – provides early educational opportunities for children from low income families Upward Bound – foster healthy development of young children from low income families

Presidential Actions and Congressional Votes that Address Minority Rights

Civil Rights Act 1957 First civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. Primary protection of voting rights. Established federal Civil rights Commission which could investigate discriminatory conditions. Signed into law by President Eisenhower.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Abolished racial, religious and sex discrimination by employers. Ended discrimination in the workplace Signed by President Lyndon Johnson

Voting Rights Act 1965 Outlawed the requirement to pay a poll tax or take a literacy test in order to be eligible to vote

Social changes came about because sports programs were integrated Jackie RobinsonErnie Davis

Changes in U.S. Because of Civil Rights Increase in voter registration Increase in voter turnouts Increase in number of minorities running for office Laws to end racial segregation. n4Po