Ch. 3.3 - Islam After Muhammad’s Death EQ: What happened to the spread of Islam after Muhammad’s death?

Muhammad’s Accomplishments Muhammad became an important religious, military, and political leader Spread Islam to most of Arabian Peninsula Muhammad died in 632 leaving Muslims without a leader

Abu Bakr (Ah*boo Bah*kuhr) Muhammad’s father in-law and trusted friend Respected for devotion to Muhammad and Islam Elected as Muhammad’s successor after Muhammad’s death

Abu Bakr accomplishments In 632 became first caliph (kay*lihf) Caliph = title that mean “successor”, a civil and religious ruler Used military force to reunite Muslim community that had begun to fall apart after Muhammad’s death

The “rightly guided” caliphs Abu Bakr and next 3 elected caliphs – Umar, Uthman, and Ali Used military conquest in other regions to continue to spread Islam Empire grew 4 times in size under these caliphs, included all of Southwest Asia and stretched into N. Africa

Success of the Muslim Military Believed Allah supported them Energized by faith, willing to fight to spread Islam Highly skilled military leaders Empires they conquered already weakened from war with each other Muslims let conquered peoples keep their own religions if they wanted to because the Qur’an did not allow forced conversions

Muslim Rule

Blending of many cultures Many peoples converted to Islam Attracted to Islam’s message of equality and hope for salvation in Heaven Wanted economic benefit – Muslims didn’t have to pay certain taxes People of the book (Jews and Christians) received special treatment: Paid a poll tax each year in exchange for not having to perform military duties Held important roles in the Muslim state as officials and scholars

Summary Go back through each section and write one-two sentences. Refer to your “mini-sheet” to make sure you have all your key words.