1. Ch. 3.3 - Islam After Muhammad’s Death
EQ: What happened Islam after Muhammad’s death?

2. What were Muhammad’s accomplishments?

3. Muhammad’s Accomplishments
Muhammad became an important religious, military, and political leader
Returns to Mecca with army, conquering city, and claiming the Kaaba for the Islamic faith
Spread Islam to most of Arabian Peninsula
Muhammad died in 632 leaving Muslims without a leader

4. Click here to see a 15 minute animated video on the life of Muhammad
Muhammad’s Life
Click here to see a 15 minute animated video on the life of Muhammad

5. Who was Abu Bakr (Ah*boo Bah*kuhr)?

6. Abu Bakr (Ah*boo Bah*kuhr)
Muhammad’s father in-law and trusted friend
Respected for devotion to Muhammad and Islam
Elected as Muhammad’s successor after Muhammad’s death

7. What did Abu Bakr accomplish?

8. Abu Bakr accomplishments
In 632 became first caliph (kay*lihf)
Caliph = title that mean “successor”, a civil and religious ruler
Used military force to reunite Muslim community that had begun to fall apart after Muhammad’s death

9. Who were the “rightly guided” caliphs and what did they do?

10. The “Rightly Guided” Caliphs
Abu Bakr and next 3 elected caliphs – Umar, Uthman, and Ali
Used military conquest in other regions to continue to spread Islam
Empire grew 4 times in size under these caliphs, included all of Southwest Asia and stretched into N. Africa

11. Expansion
Click here to watch 1 minute video on expansion of the Islamic Empire during the Medieval Period

12. Why was the Muslim Military successful?

13. Muslim Military Believed Allah supported them
Energized by faith, willing to fight to spread Islam
Highly skilled military leaders
Empires they conquered already weakened from war with each other
Muslims let conquered peoples keep their own religions if they wanted to because the Qur’an did not allow forced conversions

14. What happened over time in Muslim ruled areas?

15. Blending of many cultures Many peoples converted to Islam
Muslim Ruled Areas
Blending of many cultures
Many peoples converted to Islam
Attracted to Islam’s message of equality and hope for salvation in Heaven
Wanted economic benefit – Muslims didn’t have to pay certain taxes
People of the book (Jews and Christians) received special treatment:
Paid a poll tax each year in exchange for not having to perform military duties
Held important roles in the Muslim state as officials and scholars

16. Summary
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The EQ was:
What happened to the spread of Islam after Muhammad’s death?