Chapter 9, 10 Review

Question What is the study of how environmental factors affect human health and our quality of life called?

Answer Environmental health

Question What are factors that threaten or are harmful to human health called?

Answer hazards

Question What are disease causing agents that harm humans and make them sick such as bacteria and viruses called?

Answer pathogens

Question Earthquakes, tornadoes, UV radiation, etc. are all examples of what type of hazard to humans?

Answer Physical Hazard

Question Smoking, living next to a factory, etc. are examples of which type of hazard to humans?

Answer Social

Question What is the study of disease in human populations called?

Answer Epidemiology

Question What is the study of how poisonous sunstances affect an organism’s health called?

Answer toxicology

Question What is the relationship called that involves the amount of a substance given to an organism and the effect on the organism as a result?

Answer Dose-response relationship

Question Doses below this level are harmless but doses above this level can cause damage to organisms.

Answer Threshold dose

Question When mothers drink alcohol during a pregnancy, they run the chance of the baby being born with fetal alcohol syndrome. Why is the alcohol seemingly harmless to the mother but so damaging to the fetus/baby?

Answer Because people react to different hazards in different ways. More massive people can usually tolerate higher doses of harmful substances than less massive people.

Question A scientist performing this task would take into the probability that a hazard will cause a harmful response such as death or disease.

Answer Risk assessment

Question What type of diseases are caused by a pathogen, such as a virus or bacterium. Examples are AIDS, TB, etc.

Answer Infectious disease

Question There are 3 ways in which an infectious disease can be transmitted. They include humans, other organisms, and …

Answer Food or water

Question What is a disease called that is appearing in the human population for the first time?

Answer Emerging disease

Question On an international level, what organization responds to the spread of emerging diseases?

Answer The World Health Organization (WHO)

Question What is matter or energy that is released into the environment and causes negative effects that impact people and wildlife called?

Answer Pollution

Question What ailment do carcinogens cause?

Answer Cancer

Question What do teratogens harm?

Answer Embryos or fetuses

Question Radon is a colorless, odorless radioactive gas that can cause lung cancer. Are you more likely to get lung cancer from radon being indoors or outdoors?

Answer indoors

Question There is a small concentration of mercury in an area of water. It is also found that birds in this area have high amounts of mercury in their body tissue. What process could explain this?

Answer biomagnification

Question A tsunami is a large ocean wave. What natural disaster causes a tsunami?

Answer Earthquake

Question What natural disaster can cause clouds that block out the sun and a covering that destroys property?

Answer Volcanoes

Question Pesticides pose what type of environmental hazard?

Answer Chemical

Question Examples of this are trees, grass, crops, wetlands, water, buildings, and pavement

Answer Land cover

Question What type of area is mostly developed land covered with mainly buildings and roads?

Answer urban

Question A construction site is a very loud place. Most people would consider this annoying. This is an example of what type of pollution that are exposed to living in urban areas.

Answer Noise

Question Why are major cities normally located near large bodies of water, railroads, or highways.

Answer Because of the transportation opportunities

Question What is made up of facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community such as transportation, water, power, and schools?

Answer Infrastructure

Question In the warm months, normally it will be hotter in New York City than here in Palmerton. This is because of the massive amount of pavements and roofs in the city all which absorb heat. New York City is an example of…

Answer A heat island

Question People living in urban areas tend to have a larger ecological footprint than those living in rural areas even though they live on less land. Why?

Answer They are wealthier and therefore consume more resources.

Question What is the shift of population from the countryside to cities called?

Answer Urbanization

Question People from Allentown are moving to areas such as Palmerton and Slatington because of the cheaper housing and lower crime rates. This makes Palmerton and Slatington suburbs of Allentown technically. What is this process called?

Answer Sprawl

Question Which pattern of sprawl would the “auto- mile” be an example of?

Answer Commercial (Strip) Development

Question What effect does sprawl have on transportation?

Answer Increases amount of cars driving

Question When sprawl occurs, essentially people are moving away from cities. As a result what do they do less of in the cities ultimately leading to infrastructure deterioration?

Answer Spend money

Question Increased per capita land consumption (people live on larger amounts of land) and what else contribute to sprawl.

Question Population growth

Question In what occupation would your goal be to design cities to maximize functionality and beauty?

Answer City Planner

Question A downfall of this practice is that people may be limited to acceptable uses of their own personal property. Some view this as a violation of their freedoms.

Answer Zoning

Question Some cities draw lines on a map in an attempt to limit sprawl. These lines separate urban areas from areas the city wants to remain rural. What are these lines called?

Answer Urban Growth Boundary (UGB)

Question This philosophy of urban growth focuses on economic and environmental approaches that lead to sustainable growth and the avoidance of sprawl.

Answer Smart growth

Question What is the practice of restoring native communities called?

Answer Ecological restoration

QUestion Which type of urban open space not only provides residents with beauty and nature but also helps protect biodiversity by connecting habitat fragments?

Answer Greenways

Question List one element of green building design

Answer Motion sensitive heat/light, climate control, use of natural light for heat and light, solar panels, recycling of excess hot air

Question A new trend in working toward sustainable cities involves designing neighborhoods with homes, schools, and businesses close together. However this is nearly impossible due to zoning regulations. What is this approach called?

Answer New Urbanism

Question What pattern of sprawl in Palmerton an example of? In this pattern, residences are located on large lots far away from cities.

Answer Low-density development

Question What type of chemical hazard can interfere with hormone production and function in the human body?

Answer Endocrine disruptor

Question What organization responds to the spread of emerging diseases here in the United States?

Answer CDC

Question What pattern of sprawl would carbon county as a whole be categorized as? In this type of development, natural land is left between roads but it is not enough for recreational activies.

Answer Sparse street network

Question List one negative effect of sprawl.

Answer Increases transportation, pollution, physical inactivity Reduces amount of money available in cities for maintaining infrastructure

Question List one contributing factor to sprawl

Answer Suburbs are safer, quieter, cheaper, less pollution