ENROLLEMENT NO Acharya Akash B ary ajay

A presentation on STANDARDIZATION Prepared as a part of the requirements for the subject of DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS B. E. III, Semester – V Mechanical Branch

STANDARDIZATION Standardization is the process of establishing the set of norms to which a specified set of characteristics of a component or a product should conform. The specified set of characteristics consists of one or more than one characteristics, these characteristics include : dimensions, volume, weight, power rating, tolerances, fits, surface finish, materials, etc.

For example, standardizing the shaft consists of specifying the three phase A.C. electric motor consists of specifying the set of power ratings and speed. Objectives of standardization : ( I ) To make the interchangeability of the components possible. ( II ) To make the mass production of components easier.

ADVANTAGES OF STANDARDIZATON Interchangeability of the components is possible. It reduces the inventory of components required. It ensures certain minimum specified quality. Easy and quick replacement of the components is possible.

It insures the uniformity of the components. Sometimes it insures the safety. It results in overall cost reduction. It makes the mass production of components easier and fast.

STANDARDS AND CODES IN DESION Standard is a set of specifications, defined by a certain body or an organization, to which various characteristics of a component, a system or a product should conform. The characteristics include : dimensions, shapes, tolerances, surface finish, materials, method of testing, etc.

The purpose of standardization is to establish the norms intended to achieve uniformity, specified quality, interchangeability, safety, and to put reasonable limit on the variety. Code is a set of specifications or procedure for the design, analysis, testing and manufacturing of a components or a product.

Standard used in mechanical engineering applications : Standard for sizes and shapes of components like nuts and bolts, bearings, keys, belts, gears, chains, etc. Standard for fits, tolerances and surface finish of components.

Standard for products like electric motors, engines, gear boxes, pressure vessels, etc. Standard for conventional representation of components on the drawing.

TYPES OF STANDARDS Based on defining body or organization, the standards can be classified into following three categories. Company standards National standards International standards

Company standards : These standards are defined or set by a company or a group of companies for their use.

National standards : These standards are defined or set by a national apex body and are normally followed throughout the country. The example are following : (1) Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)

(2) American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) (3) American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) (4) American National Standard Institute (ANSI)

International standards : These standards are defined or set by a international apex body and are normally followed all over the world. The example are following : (1) International Standards Organization (ISO)

(2) International Bureau of Weights and Measures (IBWM) Some of the standards are advisory in nature and are used as guidelines, whereas others, especially those set by the national or international organizations, are obligatory and sometimes enforced by law.

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