Modernising Translation- Training Curricula The Impact of the EMT

1980s Translators in the SFRY: graduates of traditional philological departments, relatively well-paid jobs Professional associations: the Association of Scientific and Technical Translators of Slovenia (est. 1960) the Association of Slovene literary Translators (est. 1953) the Slovene Association of Conference Interpreters (est. 1973) Free-lance translators

1990s Independence in 1991 the first translation companies were established in June 1996 Slovenia signed an agreement of associate membership with the European Union (the translator workload doubled) in 1997 the first university programme for translator and interpreter training was created at the University of Ljubljana (Maribor 2001)

Department of Translation Studies In 1987/88 the Department of English, translation track for 3 rd and 4 th year students; In 1989/90 the German Department two years of specialization were not enough translator training never central to philological departments

TEMPUS in 1994 Ljubljana University signed a TEMPUS contract 10 partners from Great Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, Denmark, Germany and Austria In 1997, the first 80 students enrolled: Slovene as language A, English as language B, German/French/Italian as languages C.

Problems Staff: only 2 teachers with a PhD (others were either PhD students or came from philological departments, and a lot of part-time teachers were without an MA or PhD). Weak leadership Reproach: not academic enough. 2001: the University and the Ministry of Education decided on no student intake in the year 2001/2002.

Staff Structure 10 years 31 teachers (19 of them have PhDs), few part-time teachers

21 st Century the number of translation companies dramatically increased after 2003 changes in legislation translation of EU-related documents

Bologna Reform year programme was split into two cycles: a 3-year BA programme Interlingual Communication (180 ECTS points) a 2-year MA programme Translation (120 ECTS points) A 2-year MA programme Interpreting. (120 ECTS points)

BA Interlingual Communication Interingual Communication three languages: Slovene as language A + 2 languages B (English and French/German/Italian) 1.language acquisition 2.cultural competences 3.an introduction to translation competence

Year 1 Introduction to the study of Slovene; Slovene language and discourse; Slovene society, culture and literature Introduction to interlingual communication (The Role, Significance and Use of Dictionaries; Literacy for an Information Society) English 1; British society, culture and literature, Slovene- English interlingual communication 1 German/French/Italian 1; German/French/Italian society, culture, and literature 1, Slovene- German/French/Italian interlingual communication 1

Year 2 Slovene lexicon and grammar; Slovene language and society Basic translation skills 1 (CAT tools) English 2, American society, culture and literature; Slovene-English interlingual communication 2 German/French/Italian 2, German/French/Italian society, culture, and literature 2, Slovene- German/French/Italian interlingual communication 2

Year 3 Slovene text comprehension and formation Basic translation skills 2 (Community Interpreting) English 3, (Post)Colonial society, culture, and literature; Slovene-English interlingual communication 3 German/French/Italian 3, German/French/Italian society, culture and literature 3, Slovene- German/French/Italian interlingual communication

No of BA graduates enrolled to the MA Translation/Interpreting

MA Programme in Translation Slovene-English-German Slovene-English-French Slovene-English-Italian Directionality

Surveys of the market market analysis – the 2003 survey by Nataša Hirci: 89% of professional translators in Slovenia also translate into their second language more than half of them (62%) translate more often into their second language than into their first language, ST: English (81%), German, French, Italian. text types: technical texts, contracts, business correspondence, legal texts, promotional texts, and EU texts. by 2003, 55% of professional translators used the CAT tools

The courses focus on translation of: technical and scientific texts, legal texts, political texts promotional material business correspondence and contracts, subtitling texts for the arts and social sciences, literary texts Corpora and databases Localization

Mandatory Internship year 1, two weeks, translation team. term holidays, i.e. from 15 January to 15 February and from June to October. longer stays are encouraged. The employers not obliged to pay the student a certificate of the completed internship, a report.

Internship Partners students can choose their own employer, department coordinator approves it. formal contacts with: 3 government offices (Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sector for translation at the Secretariat- General of the Republic of Slovenia) DGT at European Commission at the European Parliament. translation and/or localization firms (e.g.Iolar, LEX TRA, Skrivanek, SterLing) larger companies that have translation units or departments (e.g. HIT Nova Gorica) Slovene Press Agency.

The nature of the work 2006, 3% annual growth of Slovenia’s translation industry (cf. 4% European average) translations in more than one language ; immediately teams of translators. Translation memories, terminological management, project management software translation fees lowered – the eclipse of self- employed freelancers

Slovene translation market in 2008: 10 companies (2% of total number of translation businesses in Slovenia) catered to more than 50% of Slovene translation market, two of them have been ranked among top-20 translation companies in the world. Few in-house translators

Literary Translation Socialism: the fee for literary translations defined by the Ministry of Culture Financial support of important artists After 1992 government no longer financially supported selected publishing houses The fees were lowered – a part-time activity

Essential skills

Changes of the Curriculum in 2012 work placement was made longer (from 3 to 6 weeks), an additional emphasis to obligatory CAT tools module at the MA level, Changes to some of the restrictive elective translation seminars to follow the trend on the market.

Constant Changes the development of market a)the globalisation of trade b)technological changes c)outsourcing and flexibility

Educational tradition philological departments were closely related to the traditions of the Prague linguistic circle and its structuralist orientation. a solid linguistic grounding is enough to produce a competent translator. The assumption that the market and the working environment of our translators differ from those of the Western European translator.

The EMT Network It seems that the markets and employers are more or less the same all over Europe; Demands placed on translators do not vary; We should prepare our graduates for the demands they are going to face in their professional lives. EMT offers guidelines

Thank you