Chapter 10, Section World Geography Chapter 10 Mexico Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Chapter 10, Section Bellringer What do you know about Mexico? What would you like to learn about Mexico? Any work from chapter 9 that was not turned in yesterday has been recorded as a 0. If it is not turned in today, I will deduct 50 points from the worksheet since we have moved on to Chapter 10. Students that were absent have the number of days they were absent to make this up before you are penalized. This will be my policy for the rest of the year.

Chapter 10, Section World Geography Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Section 1: Geography of Mexico Section 2: Place of Three Cultures Chapter 10: Mexico

Chapter 10, Section Geography of Mexico What are the main physical characteristics that affect daily life in Mexico’s heartland region? How do Mexico’s four coastal plains regions differ? 1

Chapter 10, Section The Heartland Region Natural Hazards Mexico’s heartland region is dominated by a central plateau, or area of high, flat land, is geologically unstable. Mexico is located at intersection of four tectonic plates. Some mountains are active volcanoes. Frequent earthquakes shake the land. 1

Chapter 10, Section The Heartland Region Climate Factors The mountains block rainfall in much of the central plateau. The southern end of the plateau receives more rain than the arid north. High elevation keeps temperatures mild year-round. 1

Chapter 10, Section Mexico City along with the rest of the southern part of the central plateau lies in the tropics but has a mild climate year- round due to its high elevation. The majority of the population of Mexico lives in the plateau area that lies between the two major mountain ranges.

Chapter 10, Section The Coastal Regions Southern Pacific Coast The Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range edges a narrow coast. There is little farmland, but a spectacular setting and tropical climate favor tourism. Yucatán Peninsula Rainfall dissolves the limestone bedrock, producing underground caverns that sometimes collapse, forming sinkholes. Mayan ruins attract tourists and archaeologists. 1

Chapter 10, Section The Coastal Regions Northern Pacific Coast (West coast) It has a hot and arid climate. Irrigation, or artificial watering, gives this region some of the best farmland in Mexico. Gulf Coastal Plain (East Coast Vast deposits of petroleum and natural gas are under the plain and Gulf of Mexico. It is one of the major oil-producing regions of the world. 1

Chapter 10, Section Located in the Northern Pacific coast of Mexico, is Mexico’s Baja Peninsula which can be described as a mountainous desert.

Chapter 10, Section The areas along the Gulf coast and the Northern Pacific coast are the widest coastal areas of Mexico.

Chapter 10, Section Section 1 Review The geological instability of the central plateau a)is slowly dividing the plateau in half. b)produces dangerous volcanoes and earthquakes. c)causes heavy rainfalls. d)has created a flat, low land. Mayan ruins have attracted tourists and archaeologists to which region? a)the northern Pacific coastal plain b)the Gulf coastal plain c)the southern Pacific coastal plain d)the Yucatán peninsula Want to connect to the World Geography link for this section? Click Here!Click Here! 1

Chapter 10, Section Section 1 Review The geological instability of the central plateau a)is slowly dividing the plateau in half. b)produces dangerous volcanoes and earthquakes. c)causes heavy rainfalls. d)has created a flat, low land. Mayan ruins have attracted tourists and archaeologists to which region? a)the northern Pacific coastal plain b)the Gulf coastal plain c)the southern Pacific coastal plain d)the Yucatán peninsula Want to connect to the World Geography link for this section? Click Here!Click Here! 1

Chapter 10, Section Bellringer Explain some of the geographical landscape of Mexico.

Chapter 10, Section A Place of Three Cultures How did Mexico become a Spanish colony? What were key political events in the development of democracy in Mexico? What social problems face Mexico today? What are the main characteristics of the Mexican economy? 2

Chapter 10, Section Aztecs and Spaniards The Aztecs had built a powerful empire in central Mexico. Tenochtitlán occupied the site of modern Mexico City. Hernán Cortés, a Spanish adventurer, marched his soldiers into Tenochtitlán in Spanish conquest of Mexico was that it formed an alliance with the enemies of the Aztecs. Within two years, the Aztec empire was destroyed. The territory won by Cortés became the colony of New Spain. 2

Chapter 10, Section Aztecs and Spaniards Four social classes emerged in New Spain: the peninsulares, the criollos, the mestizos, and the Indians. Indians provided labor on Spanish-owned haciendas, large estates run as farms or cattle ranches. The Spanish king rewarded the conquistadors by granting them both haciendas and the Indians who worked them in a system known as encomienda. Under encomienda, Indians lived a slave-like existence. 2

Chapter 10, Section Road to Democracy Criollo resentment of the privileges of peninsulares erupted into conflict in the early 1800s. Until Mexico won its independence from Spain, the running of the country was main in the hands of the peninsulares. Mexico achieved independence by 1821, but was not democratic. 2

Chapter 10, Section Road to Democracy The Mexican Revolution began in 1910 when Peasants and middle-class Mexicans rebelled against the rich people controlling the country. The new Mexican government was a federal republic with an elected president and congress. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) controlled Mexican politics until the election in

Chapter 10, Section Social Conditions After the Mexican Revolution, the government divided haciendas among landless peasants in policy of land redistribution. This caused the number of haciendas to decrease dramatically. The government awarded most of the redistributed land in ejidos, land held collectively by members of a rural community. In an ejidos, farmers generally practice subsistence farming, only growing enough to meet their own needs. One third of Mexico’s farms are huge commercial farms called latifundios, which, along with some ejidos, raise cash crops-crops raised for sale and profit. 2

Chapter 10, Section Social Conditions Many landless, jobless peasants travel from place to place as migrant workers. Cities offer better job opportunities and chances for education than the countryside, but most urban dwellers in Mexico are very poor and struggle to survive. 2

Chapter 10, Section Since NAFTA was passed, manufacturing has increased and unemployment has declined in Mexico. This agreement was made between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Economic Activities Major Industries Petroleum extraction and tourism are important to Mexico’s economy. The state-owned oil company provides revenue that rises or falls along with oil prices. Climate, scenery, and cultural history make tourism an important source of income for Mexico. Tourism is a cleaner alternative to industry; Mexicans call tourism the “smokeless industry.” The technology industry is an industry that is NOT a major source of income for the Mexican economy. 2

Chapter 10, Section Economic Activities Border Industries Maquiladoras, factories that assemble products for export to the United States, are clustered along the United States- Mexico border. People have raised concerns about work and pay in maquiladoras, but employment has increased and workers’ skills have improved. Concerns have been raised about pollution from factories and the damage to health and the environment. 2

Chapter 10, Section Section 2 Review How did Hernán Cortés affect the Aztec empire? a)He traded European goods with the Aztecs. b)He conquered the Aztec empire for Spain. c)He exchanged ideas and technology with the Aztecs. d)He gave the Aztecs tribute from the Spanish king. What are two of the most important industries in Mexico? a)diamond mining and electronics b)petroleum extraction and timber cutting c)steel and tourism d)petroleum extraction and tourism Want to connect to the World Geography link for this section? Click Here!Click Here! 2

Chapter 10, Section Section 2 Review How did Hernán Cortés affect the Aztec empire? a)He traded European goods with the Aztecs. b)He conquered the Aztec empire for Spain. c)He exchanged ideas and technology with the Aztecs. d)He gave the Aztecs tribute from the Spanish king. What are two of the most important industries in Mexico? a)diamond mining and electronics b)petroleum extraction and timber cutting c)steel and tourism d)petroleum extraction and tourism Want to connect to the World Geography link for this section? Click Here!Click Here! 2

Chapter 10, Section Bellringer Would you want to visit Mexico? Why or why not?

Chapter 10, Section Bellringer Pop Quiz: You may use your notes and worksheets only. On your own notebook paper. In an Essay and in your own words, explain how Mexico started from European control to present day Mexico. Give names of countries involved, types of people involved, races/classes of people, business/trade agreements, and any other relevant information. You have 10 min after the tardy bell has rung to complete this assignment and turn it in.