Archaebacteria “Acient Bacteria” -Domain: Archae - Prokaryotes - Both autotrophic and heterotrophic - All are single celled

Thermoacidophiles – love hot, acidic environments

Halophiles – Thrive in Extreme Salt Conditions, like the Dead Sea

Methanogens – cannot handle oxygen, turn CO2 and H into methane gas

Achaebacteria are also divided into EXTREME vs. NONEXTREME bacteria Non extreme bacteria live in normal environments all around us, much like eubacteria. All archaebacteria have cell walls that have NO PEPTIDOGLYGAN!

Eubacteria Domain Bacteria All single celled prokaryotes Both autotrophic and heterotrophic Classified by shape:

Bacillus – rod shaped E Coli and Lactobacillus are both examples

Coccus – round bacteria Examples include streptococcus

Spirella – spiral shaped Lyme Disease and Syphilis are caused by this type of bacteria

Bacteria can be both good and bad Good bacteria: E. coli are genetically engineered to produce insulin, Lactobacillus are used to make milk and yogurt.

Protista – Protists can be plant like, animal like or fungus like. Domain Eukarya Eukaryotic Single or Multicellular Autotrophic or Heterotrophic

Euglena is an example of a plant Like protist

All algae, including large multicellular algae called seaweed, are protists.

Slime Mold and Water Molds are Fungus Like Protists

Water Mold caused the Irish Potato Famine

Amoebas are animal like protists

Animal Like Protists cause diseases such as malaria

Fungi Domain Eukarya Can be single or multicellular All are eukaryotes and heterotrophs

Multicellular Fungi often have “roots” called hypae Fungi have cell walls made of CHITIN, the same material in insect exoskeletons Fungi reproduce using spores.

Yeast is a single celled fungus, used to make bread and beer

Zygomycetes Bread mold is in this phylum

Basidiomycetes – the mushrooms

Ascomycetes – cup fungus

Plantae Domain Eukarya All multicellular autotrophs All are eukaryotic Cells have a cell wall made of CELLULOSE

Nonvascular plants Lack true stems and leaves, produce spores instead of seeds, lack xylem or phloem, must reproduce in a moist environment.

Seedless Vascular Plants Still use spores instead of seeds, lack xylem and phloem, but have stems and leaves. AKA Ferns!

Non Flowering Plants: Gymnosperms Ex. Pine trees have seeds in pinecones, but no flowers

Flowering Seed Plants: Angiosperms

Animalia, by Phylum Domain Eukarya All are multicellular heterotrophs All are eukaryotes

Sponges – the most primitive animal Phylum: Porifera Have specialized cells, but no tissues

Cnidaria: Jellyfish, Coral, Anemones All sting their food to capture and immobilize it.

Coral Polyps

Anemones

The Flatworms: Platyhelminthes Planaria are a common flatworm that can regenerate when broken apart

Roundworms – often called nematodes Many nematodes live in soil

Segmented, or annelid, worms Earthworms and leeches are annelid worms

Mollusks Include everything from snails, clams, octopus and squid

Octopus are amazingly intelligent mollusks

Sea Cucumbers have no external shell

We believe giant squid exist, though live ones have rarely been seen or found

Arthropods All have an exoskeleton and jointed limbs Includes insects, spiders, and crustaceans like crabs and lobster

Echinoderms: Includes sea stars, sand dollars and sea urchins Many can regenerate a lost limb

Invertebrate Chordates – have a spinal cord, but no stiff backbone Examples are Lancelets and Tunicates

You are a Vertebrate Chordate Animals with a backbone… Hagfish are a primitive vertebrate chordate – they do not have jaws.

Cartilaginous Fish: The Sharks, Rays, and Sturgeon

The Bony Fish

Amphibians Can live on land but must reproduce in water

Reptiles Have the ability to lay eggs with shells – no longer must return to water.

Birds Closely related to reptiles, lay hard shelled eggs and have feathers on their bodies.

Mammals – YOU! Produce milk to feed their young, have hair over at least part of their body (even whales!)