1 Air Quality Governance in the ENPI EAST Countries Application of Actions on Reduction of Transport-related Emissions at municipal level (Russian Federation) Use of Economic Instruments to Support Sustainable Development of Transport in Cities Chisinau, Moldova, September 2014

Main Social and Economic Information Total area of territory is ,6 thousand ha Population - 143,7 mln. people Population density, persons per 1 km - 2 : In Russian Federation - 8,4; In Central Federal Okrug - 59,7; In North Caucasian Federal Okrug - 56,3; In Southern Federal Okrug - 33,2; In Privolzhsky Federal Okrug - 28,7; In North Western Federal Okrug - 8,1; In Uralsky Federal Okrug - 6,7; In Sibyrsky Federal Okrug - 3,7; In Dal’nevostochny (Far East) Federal Okrug - 1,0. Length of general use roads is 1283 thousand km 2

Emissions of Pollutants into Air in 2007 – 2013 in the Russian Federation, thousand tons/year 3 Source Emission from all sources 35303,532559,832487,531793,5 Road transport 14666,613538,613325,213347,0

Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030 was adopted by the Resolution of the Government of 22 November 2008 # 1734-r. It defines the main directions of state transport policy for the long-term period, including the goals of development of transport system and principles of state regulation of transport activity. The transport strategy covers all modes of transport (road, rail, air, marine and inland river) as well as road economy. It was adjusted by the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 11 June 2014 # 1032-r 4

In 2011 a number of car fleet was 36,4 mln. vehicles that exceeds the level of 2000 by 79 %. At the bus transportation in the country reduced by 42 %, suburban railway transportation decreased. Since the start of economic reform programme the private sector prevails in transport sector. The non-state enterprises in the road transport are currently shipping 95,8 % of cargoes and 20,8 % of passengers. 5

To speed up construction in the Russian Federation of new generation motorways and to attract additional extra- budget sources into the road sector the State Company “Russian Automobile Roads” was established in As of 1 January 2012 about 2601,7 km of federal automobile roads of general use were transferred to the said State Company into trust management. 6

Innovation option envisages an accelerated and balanced development of transport sector of the country, which, in addition to achieving the goals being provided when implementing the basic (conservative) option, would allow to ensuring the transport conditions for development of innovation component of economy, improvement of living standards of population, switching to a polycentric model of spatial development of Russia. When implementing this option the actions related to development of transport system will be also focused, besides the metropolitan agglomerations, in cities where the considerable innovation and human resources are concentrated. 7

Purpose “Decrease of Negative Impact of Transport System on Environment” Main tasks: modernize motor vehicles and transport infrastructure facilities focused on decrease of their negative impact on environment increase a share of use of ecologically friendly fuels, hybrid and electrically-driven engines of motor vehicles, materials and technologies introduce the systems of ecological management and quality control in environment protection and ensure ecological safety in transport 8

Result of Transport Strategy Implementation Amount of emissions of pollutants into air from motor vehicles will reduce under the innovation option by 45 %, under the basic (inertial) option – by 40 %. Amount of specific СO emissions from motor vehicles will reduce under the innovation option by 22 %, under the basic (inertial) option – by 20 %. 9

Dynamics of Number of Automobiles (scenarios:1 – innovation, 2 – inertial)

Relative Number of Automobiles per Ecological Class (Innovation Scenario)

Relative Number of Automobiles per Ecological Class (Inertial Scenario)

Dynamics of Number of Trucks (scenarios:1 – innovation, 2 – inertial)

Relative Number of Trucks per Ecological Class (Innovation Scenario)

Relative Number of Trucks per Ecological Class (Inertial Scenario)

Dynamics of Number of Buses (scenarios:1 – innovation, 2 – inertial)

Relative Number of Buses per Ecological Class (Innovation Scenario)

Relative Number of Buses per Ecological Class (Inertial Scenario)

Length of State Company “Autodor” Roads 19

Traffic Intensity of Roads of State Company “Autodor” 20

21 Assessment of indicator of pollutant emissions from transport flows on the road network of State Company “Autodor” for each scenario has been carried out according to EMEP/EEA Methodology, which is being used for these purposes in 27 countries, under implementation of the Project UNDP/GEF – Ministry of Transport of Russia “Reduction of Green-house Gas Emissions from Road Transport in the Cities of Russia”. Assessment of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon oxide (СО), methane (CH 4 ), non-methane hydrocarbons (НМУ) (total hydrocarbons СН minus CH 4 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), nitrous oxides (N 2 O), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), particulate matters (PM), ammonia (NH 3 ) by transport flows on all roads of the State Company has been carried out using COPERT-4 software, version 11.

 Gross СО Emissions on Roads of State Company “Autodor” 22

Gross Hydrocarbon Emissions on Roads of State Company “Autodor” 23

Gross Nitrogen Oxide Emissions on Roads of State Company “Autodor” 24

Gross PM Emissions on Roads of State Company “Autodor” 25

Gross Green-house Gas Emissions on Roads of State Company “Rosautodor” 26

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