Final Exam Review AP Government Units 1 & 2

Unit 1 Theory & foundation Chapters 1, 2

Unit 1 4 characteristics of state: Population Borders Sovereignty Government 4 theories on government: Divine right Evolutionary Force theory Social contract theory

Unit 1 cont… 4 main purposes of government: Maintain order Provide public services Make economic decisions Providing national security 3 types of government: Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy

Unit 1 cont… 3 systems of government: Unitary Federal Confederacy

Unit 1 cont.… Early influences on Am. Govt.: Greeks! Romans Magna Carta Glorious revolution English bill of rights Enlightenment & 3 philosophers: John Locke Jean Rousseau Baron De Montiseque

Unit 1 Cont… Path to the Const. Early good relations turned sour King George takes throne & England in debt Series of acts/taxes placed on colonies Colonies rebel form first & second Cont. Congress Declaration of independence & common sense written US wins war, moves from 2 nd continental congress to Articles of Confederation Articles weaknesses makes call for constitutional convention

Unit 1 cont… Path to Constitution cont.: Meet Philadelphia PA Virginia plan proposed Countered with New Jersey plan Stalemate leads to Connecticut/sherman/great compromise 3/5 th Compromise struck to settle representation & taxation in the south Slave trade/Commerce compromise Electoral college & presidential term length compromise

Unit 2 US Constitution Chapters 3, 4

Unit 2 3 parts of US Constitution: Preamble: Articles amendments 6 principles of US Constitution: Popular sovereignty Federalism Judicial review Checks & balances Separation of powers Limited government

Unit 2 7 Articles: 1. Legislative Branch: makes laws 2. Executive Branch: executes laws 3. Judicial branch: interprets laws 4. Relations among the states: full faith & credit, Extradition clause, immunities & privileges Clause 5. How to amend Constitution: formal ways 6. Supremacy Clause: highest law of land 7. Ratification: proof this government legit

Unit 2 cont… Amendment process: Proposed: 2/3 of both houses of congress National convention at request of 2/3 of states Ratified: ¾ of state legislatures By ¾ of states in state conventions Informal ways: Court rulings Passing laws Governing the country and addressing its needs

Unit 2 cont… 1 st amendment: speech, press, petition, assembly, religion Know court cases creating limits or lifting them 2 nd : right to bear arms, militia or people 3 rd : quartering of troops, times of war vs. peace 4 th : illegal searches & seizures Know sup. Ct. cases; exclusionary rule

Unit 2: cont… 5 th : grand jury clause, double jeopardy, due process, eminent domain, self-incrimination (Miranda rights) Know sup. Ct. cases 6 th : speedy public trial, witnesses for, witnesses against, lawyer, nature & cause of accusation 7 th : civil suits above $20 ($75,000), jury trial 8 th : no ex. Bail, ex. Fines, cruel & unusual punishment

Unit 2 cont… 9 th : power reserved for the people 10 th : power reserved for the states, or people (root of federalism) 13 th : end to slavery 14 th : equal rights, incorporation doctrine (BOR applied to states), citizenship for former slaves 15 th : right to vote on basis of color or previous servitude

Unit 2 cont… 16 th : income tax 17 th : senators picked by people & not state legislatures 19 th : women's right to vote 22 nd : limiting presidential terms, with max. time 24 th : end to poll tax 25 th : presidential disability, VP vacancy 26 th : 18 year olds right to vote 27 th : congressional pay raise