Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Chapter 9

ROOT stetho, thoraco- chest angio, vaso- vessel arterio- artery arteriole- arteriole atrio- atrium cardio- heart phlebo, vene, veni, veno- vein

Cardiovascular System (CVS) Heart (_______________) Blood vessels Blood ________________________

CAT G I R A F F E Acts as a pump to circulate the blood throughout the body To nourish the tissues and remove their waste products -Made of cardiac muscle (involuntary, striated) -Hollow, 4-chambered organ -Size varies with species -located in the thoracic cavity Base: craniodorsal Apex: ventral and L of midline

PERICARDIUM __________________ THAT COVERS THE HEART T he pericardium itself (outside) P arietal layer – lines the _________ pericardium V isceral layer (____________) – directly covers the heart’s surface B etween the parietal and visceral layers is the _________________________

HEART WALL EPICARDIUM (________ layer of membrane) MYOCARDIUM (muscle) ENDOCARDIUM (_________________ _____________)

NORMAL CANINE HEART CANINE WITH CARDIOMEGALY

There are 4 chambers within the heart -The 2 craniodorsal chambers are ATRIA -The 2 caudoventral chambers are VENTRICLES -The heart is divided into right and left sides -The INTERATRIAL SEPTUM divides the 2 atria and the INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM divides the 2 ventricles

CHAMBERS OF THE HEART The ATRIA are ____________________ chambers for blood –_______________ walled The VENTRICLES are _______________ chambers –____________________ walled –left ventricle is ________________ because it is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body (except the lungs, which is done by the right ventricle) The RIGHT side of the heart receives blood from the body’s tissues and sends it to the lungs to be ______________________ The LEFT side of the heart receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it out to the ________________________

THERE ARE 4 MAIN VALVES IN THE HEART ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES separate the __________from the _________________ –their job is to prevent backflow of blood into the atria ____________________: the valve that separates the LEFT atrium from the LEFT ventricle –It is also called the BICUSPID valve as it has 2 flaps _______________________(3 flaps): the valve that separates the RIGHT atrium from the RIGHT ventricle is SEMILUNAR VALVES are half-moon shaped –They are located at the base of the pulmonary artery (_____________) and the base of the aorta (_________________) –They function to prevent backflow from the major arteries into the ventricles

a- rt. atrium, b- left atrium, 1- superior vena cava, 3- ascending aorta f-pulmonar ​ y trunk g- left pulmonary artery h- left pulmonary vein K- pulmonary semilunar valve L- tricuspid valve M- bicuspid (mitral) valve

BLOOD CIRCULATION SYSTEMIC: left ventricle  aorta  arteries  arterioles  capillaries of the body  venules  veins  right atrium  ARTERIES  ARTERIOLES  CAPILLARIES  VENULES  VEINS PULMONARY: right atrium  right ventricle  pulmonary artery  lung arterioles  lung capillaries  lung venules  pulmonary veins  left atrium  left ventricle

BLOOD CIRCULATION ARTERIES –carry ______________________ blood (with exception of the ______________________) AWAY from the heart to the body –walls are THICK VEINS –transport ____________________________blood (with exception of the ___________________) BACK to the heart –thin, elastic walls –have valves to prevent backflow of blood As ARTERIES branch and become smaller, they become ARTERIOLES. –ARTERIOLES then branch and become smaller, into CAPILLARIES. –Capillaries have very thin walls and they distribute oxygen to the tissues while picking up the CO2 from the tissues (unoxygenated) and branch into larger structures called VENULES. –Venules empty into larger structures called VEINS, which return blood to the heart ___________________  _______________  _________________  ______________  _______________

ARTERIES carry OXYGENATED blood (with exception of the Pulmonary Artery) AWAY from the heart to the body; walls are THICK VEINS transport DEOXYGENATED blood (with exception of the Pulmonary Vein) BACK to the heart; thin, elastic walls have valves to prevent backflow of blood As ARTERIES branch and become smaller, they become ARTERIOLES >ARTERIOLES then branch and become smaller, into CAPILLARIES >Capillaries have very thin walls and they distribute ________ to the tissues while picking up the _____________from the tissues (unoxygenated) and branch into larger structures called VENULES >Venules empty into larger structures called> VEINS, which return blood to the heart ARTERIES  ARTERIOLES  CAPILLARIES  VENULES  VEINS

earning.shtml#fig1 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

CONDUCTION SYSTEM of electrical impulses SINOATRIAL NODE is the pacemaker of the heart and where the heartbeat originates and the rate is regulated –located in the _________________________________ –The impulses make the atria _________________________________ ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE is in the _____________near the lower portion of the interatrial septum –the electrical impulse from the SA node affects the AV node, which then transmits the impulse to the ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE (BUNDLE OF HIS) –this is located in the ___________________________________ –the ventricles now _______________ as the impulse is carried –throughout the ventricles via the ____________________________

n-System.htmhttp://video.about.com/heartdisease/Conductio n-System.htm

NERVE FUNCTION ON HEART PNS –Via SA and AV node –_________ HR –______________ impulse conduction –________________ coronary arteries SN – Via cardiac nerves – SA and AV node – INCREASES HR – INCREASES impulse conduction – DILATES coronary arteries

CARDIAC CYCLE The atria contract in ___________ and the ventricles contract in _______________ The atria and ventricles do not contract at the same time (as one group contracts, the other relaxes) ATRIAL contraction __________________ through the bicuspid and tricuspid valves –While this is occurring, the semilunar valves __________________ –The ventricles _______________ at this time VENTRICULAR contraction sends blood through the semilunar valves into the __________________________________ –While this is occurring, the bicuspid and tricuspid valves _________________ –The atria ____________ at this time and blood enters the atria from the vena cava and pulmonary veins SYSTOLE – ____________________ of the atria and ventricles –blood is being _________________ from the heart DIASTOLE –___________________ of the atria and ventricles -heart is ______________ with blood

BLOOD PRESSURE SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE –produced by the blood pressing against artery walls while the ____________________________ DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE –produced by the blood pressing against artery walls while the ____________________________ ________TENSION = elevated blood pressure _________TENSION = low blood pressure