Dandelion The flower head matures into a spherical "clock" containing many single-seeded fruits.

Dandelion Fruit Dandelion Seed Dispersal Dandelions seeds are often dispersed by young children, who often blow on or kick it. What enables the wind dispersal of the dandelion seed over long distances?

The hips are eaten by fruit-eating birds which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. Some birds also eat the seeds. Rose Rose hip How is the rose hip dispersed?

Recognize these plants? How are they reproduced?

Recognize these plants? How are they reproduced?

Oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide and water are given off. Breakdown of glucose molecules Energy is liberated or released. Occurs at all times and is not dependent on sunlight or chlorophyll. Respiration is a process of breaking down food (which is in the form of glucose) to release energy, carbon dioxide and water.

Oxygen is given off and carbon dioxide and water are consumed. Energy is stored in glucose molecules Build up of glucose molecules Occurs only in cells containing chlorophyll and in the presence of light. Photosynthesis is a process in which plants make food in the presence of light energy.

Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plants. Transpiration happens when plants give off water vapour mainly through the stomata in their leaves. This water vapour evaporates into the air and is stored in the atmosphere until it becomes clouds or precipitation Note: mainly from the leaves but also stems, flowers and roots.

Water is taken up the plant from the roots to the leaves (for photosynthesis and transpiration) - in xylem vessels. Minerals dissolved in the water are taken up the plant to the shoots and leaves - in xylem vessels. Food (the product of photosynthesis) is taken from the leaves and moved up and down the plant to any part which needs it (for growth or for storage) - in phloem vessels.

On the underside of the leaves are tiny holes called stomata which allow the plant to breathe. When the water reaches the leaves it evaporates and escapes through the stomata. As the water escapes, more water is drawn up the xylem. But plants also need to have water evaporate from their leaves to cool themselves down. So they need to strike a balance between water gain and water loss. Plants control the amount of water lost through transpiration by opening and closing their stomata. Two guard cells surrounding each stoma can open and close it. The holes are opened to allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to pass in and out, and are closed to reduce loss of water. For more interesting information and diagrams, go to: