March 25, 2015 Bell work: You will do Article Act I and II answer questions. Article is titled “The New Policy of Expansion” Do not write on the Articles…when you are done answering questions, please return the articles to the back table and turn questions into me.

Imperialism is: Building an empire by dominating other countries

There are 4 M.A.I.N. Reasons for imperialism

R M Markets for Goods Q: Why do Europeans have so many goods to sell? Ind. Rev. leads to new products

A Acquire Resources Q: Why do Europeans need resources? Need raw materials to make products

I Introduce Christianity Q: What word means spreading your faith?

N Nationalism Q: Why would this make countries want an empire? Every country wants to be the best

Colony Q: What is a colony? Settlement ruled directly by a mother country

Protectorate Q: What is a protectorate? Country whose policies are guided by a foreign country – not directly ruled

Sphere of Influence Q: What is a sphere of influence? When one country has trading rights in another place (think of a street gang and its turf)

China and the Open Door

Rivalries in China For Americans the Pacific islands were a stepping stone to a larger prize, China China was torn apart by internal fighting and lacked industry that made it too weak militarily to resist foreign powers who wanted to exploit its vast resources and markets spheres of influenceBy the late 1800’s Japan and the European powers had claimed spheres of influence in China where each country had special rights and powers U.S. leaders worried the country would be squeezed out of the profitable Chinese market Open Door PolicySecretary of State John Hay proposed the Open Door Policy under which each foreign nation in China could trade freely in the other nations spheres of influence The foreign nations were not quick to agree to this policy that benefited the U.S. the most the Boxers“foreign devils”This soon changed in 1899, because a secret martial arts society known as the Boxers began a violent revolt to rid China of the “foreign devils”

The Boxer Rebellion

Mark Twain; Berkeley Lyceum, New York, November 23, Mark Twain; Berkeley Lyceum, New York, November 23, 1900 China never wanted foreigners any more than foreigners wanted Chinamen, and on this question I am with the Boxers every time. The Boxer is a patriot. He loves his country better than he does the countries of other people. I wish him success. The Boxer believes in driving us out of his country. I am a Boxer too, for I believe in driving him out of our country.

The Boxer Rebellion Many died during the revolt and for two months hundreds of foreigners were trapped in the capital city of Beijing In August of 1900, foreign troops broke the siege and defeated the Boxers. After the rebellion a second Open Door proposal stressed the importance of keeping China independent and respecting its boarders Alarmed by the rebellion the other foreign powers accepted Hay’s proposal Russo-Japanese WarTrying to expand its own power in Asia, Japan began to ignore the Open Door policy. These actions led to war with Russia and conflict with the U.S. and eventually it culminated in the Russo-Japanese War. But by 1905 both nations were worn down and looking for peace Treaty of PortsmouthTeddy Roosevelt helped settle the conflict by negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth which recognized Japans control of Korea in return for ending its continued push to expand.

1. China -Europeans created spheres of influence -Boxers revolted to kick out Europeans -called Boxer Rebellion (1900) -Europeans win

Opening Japan  During the Mid-1800’s, American merchants made a great deal of money trading with China isolated  This led many to want to open trade with Japan, which had chosen to remain isolated from the West. Commodore Mathew Perry  1853, President Millard Fillmore sent Commodore Mathew Perry on a mission to Japan to open trade.  Perry steamed into Tokyo Bay with four warships and asked the Japanese to open their ports to U.S. ships. Treaty of Kanagawa.  Perry returned after several months and found America’s display of Naval force had convinced the Japanese to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa.  The treaty opened two ports to American ships and ended Japan’s isolationism from the West.

2. Japan -Japan had been isolationist -Commodore Perry (US) opens them to trade -Japan industrializes --powerful

3. Egypt (Suez Canal) -French built Suez Canal in Egypt (trade easier) -connected Mediterranean & Red Seas -Egypt--protectorate of Britain Egypt takes canal after WWII

4. India -East India Company dominated India -Britain takes over India (colony) -Indian nationalism begins -Indian National Congress

Strained Japanese - U.S. Relations During the Russo-Japanese War Japanese immigration increased greatly to the U.S. Many Americans resented the Japanese immigrants as newcomers who took their jobs In 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education ordered all Asian students attend separate schools. The Japanese government protested that a 1894 treaty had guaranteed Japanese living the the U.S. would be treated well They felt the U.S. broke that treaty Gentleman’s AgreementPresident Roosevelt forced San Francisco to change its policy in return for a Gentleman’s Agreement to restrict Japanese immigration to the U.S. Although he planned no war Roosevelt in 1907, sent 16 gleaming white ships on a tour around the world to impress other nations including the Japanese who soon resolved their differences with the U.S. Great White FleetThe Great White Fleet put on world display America’s naval power

5. Russo-Japanese War Russia & Japan want Korea & Manchuria (China) rich resource -Japan wins takes Korea