Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity Section 1 Classification.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity Section 1 Classification

 The grouping of objects or information based on similarities.

Taxonomy  Branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics.

Taxonomy  Organisms are ranked in taxa. The broader the taxon, the more species it contains. The smallest taxon is the species, followed by the genus. The largest taxon is the domain.

Taxonomy  Kids  Playing  Chase  On  Freeways  Get  Smooshed

Taxonomy  Domain  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species

Kingdoms  Archaebacteria  Eubacteria  Protists  Fungi  Plants  Animals The kingdoms are divided mainly by differences in cellular structure and methods of obtaining energy

Binomial Nomenclature  Modern classification scheme.  Developed by Carolus Linnaeus ( ), a Swedish botanist.  Based on physical and structural similarities of organisms.  Also shows the evolutionary history of the organism.

Binomial Nomenclature  Every organism is named using two words.  The first word identifies the genus. A genus consists of a group of similar species.  The second word is the specific epithet. Describes a characteristic of the organism.

Scientific Names  Latin.  The first letter of the genus name is uppercase.  The first letter of the specific epithet is lowercase.  Italicized in print.  Underlined when handwritten.

Evolutionary Relationships  Based on: Structural similarities. Breeding behavior. Geographical distribution. Chromosome comparisons. Biochemistry (such as DNA).

Phylogeny  Evolutionary history of a species.

Cladistics  Biological system of classification based on phylogeny.  Utilizes cladograms. Models of the phylogeny of a species based on derived traits.  Derived traits are unique inherited characteristics kept by the species as it diverged from common ancestral groups.

How to analyze a cladogram:  Branches show proposed ancestry.  Two groups on diverging branches probably share a more recent ancestor than those groups farther away.