2. CHAPTER 17.1 NOTES – CLASSIFICATION P. 443-463

3. I. What is classification? ___Classification______ - the grouping of objects or information based on similarities. ___Taxonomy______– the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics.

4. II. Why do scientists classify? To better understand and study the enormous variety of living things.

5. III. How does the classification system work? – Based on a system developed by Carolus ___Linnaeus___ – He established a system of groups called ___Taxa_____. (plural: taxons) – He ranked taxa from the ____largest_____, most general groups to the ____smallest______, most specific groups.

6. A. THE LEVELS ARE: Most__ General  KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS Most___ Specific  SPECIES

7. K P C O F G S K P C O F G S KingKingdom PhillipPhylum CameClass Over Order For Family Green Genus SoupSpecies

8. At each level, organisms that share the most characteristics are grouped. _____Species_____ is the most specific. (members of the same species can produce offspring) _____Kingdom_____ is the most general. **Note: The Plant Kingdom Is Divided Into__Division___ Rather Than Phyla.

9. B. NAMING AN ORGANISM Crawdad, Crayfish, Mudbug  What Is The Difference? Linnaeus proposed a system of naming using 2 names; this system is called____binomial nomenclature_______. Linnaeus used _____Latin_______words to describe names of organisms.

10. The 2 names for each organism are: – ___Genus_____ - always first and capitalized; can be abbreviated to 1 letter. – ___Species_____ - second and lowercase **both are underlined or italicized. Example: Homo sapiens, Canis familiaris or Streptococcus pneumonia

11. ___Dichotomous Key____ - a tool used for identifying organisms. Lists specific observable traits of many organisms. For each trait, the key list’s two contrasting options. By picking the options that match an organism’s features, you can identify the organism.

12. IV. How are evolutionary relationships determined? ____Classification________ provides a framework in which to study the relationships among living and extinct species. Organisms are put into ____groups____ based on similarities of structure, behavior, chromosomes, biochemistry, geographical distribution

13. 1. Phylogeny – the evolutionary history of a species.

14. How does the fanlike diagram differ from a cladogram? To which group are sea stars more closely related, arthropods or jellyfishes? Which group of animals includes the fewest species?

15. 2. ____Cladogram_____ – as organisms evolve from a common ancestor they retain certain characteristics.

16. 1.What five probable ancestors of the modern bird (robin) are shown on the cladogram? 2.Which dinosaur is probably the most recent common ancestor of Velociraptor and Archaeopteryx? 3.Which traits shown on the cladogram are shared by Archaeopteryx and modern birds?

17. Works Cited The Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778).. IRC. 2005. unitedstreaming. 24 January 2006