1950s and 1960s

 French Canadians felt betrayed by the Treaty of Paris in 1763  This treaty made them give up New France  French were only left with smaller islands  But they were allowed to keep their religion and culture

 Quebec Act passed by the British parliament in 1774 = Canada’s first constitution  Increased the right of French Canadians  1867 = Quebec joined Confederation knowing that the rights of the French Canadians would be protected

 Maurice Duplessis- Leader of Union Nationale in Quebec ( )( )  Politician  Former Conservative candidate but joined the Liberals to form Union Nationale Union Nationale- supports Quebec Nationalism

Padlock law

 Roman Catholic Church  Defends Quebec culture  Operated Quebec’s hospitals and schools

 Trademark: bribery and corruption  Avoiding foreign culture and influence  But encouraged foreign investments  Promised low taxes  Business companies must contribute to Union Nationale  Orphaned children= mentally ill  Moved into asylums (protected shelters funded by the government)

 Flag debate- debate on how the Canadian flag should look like  Pearson decided to have a different flag so “it’s not too British”  English Canadians wanted to keep Red Ensign  French wanted a new flag  Result: tension between French and English thus splits Canada  February 15, Canada’s new flag was raised Red Ensign

 Liberal leader in Quebec  Slogan: “Time for a Change”  Abolish corruption

 No violence- a period of rapid change and reform  Goal: to modernize Quebec ‘s economy, politics, education and culture  Took control of social services and education system  More science and technology courses  Encouraged Quebecois to think of themselves as citizens of the 20 th century  Roman Catholic Church influence= declined The Quiet Revolution

 “Maitres chez nous” or “Masters in our own house”  Control Quebec’s own economy  Government bought several hydro companies and turned them into a provincially owned company, “Hydro- Quebec.”

 Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism  Appointed to investigate solutions  Make Canada a bilingual nation  French and English as official languages

 Passed by Pierre Trudeau in 1969  Made Canada officially bilingual  French and English as the official languages  Federal government agencies must provide services in both languages  Would help for parents who were French to let their children attend schools that serve their language  Providing funds would help build a connection between English and French