1. Chapter 13 Visions of Canada
Social 20-2
Chapter 13
Visions of Canada

2. Reviewing Related Issue #4
Review page 286, and the Unit’s contents
Volunteer to read page 287

3. Key Terms
Responsible government

4. Chapter Issue How have visions of Canadian identity evolved?
Volunteer to read page 291
Complete handout “Analyzing Posters”

5. What is Canada? Read page 292-293
Nationalism and national identity are almost always linked
If a national identity is strong, it may inspire nationalistic feelings – vice versa as well
National identity involves a sense of belonging to a collective or community

6. When a nation has a clearly defined identity, it will appeal to many different individuals and groups

7. Stories and National Identity
In a country as large and diverse as Canada, finding a single, strong national identity may be difficult
Central to national identity are the stories about people – how they live, their values, their humour, and their shared concerns.

8. Changing Visions of Canada
Read page
Canadians have been trying to define Canada’s identity since before Confederation.
Some common factors:
Beliefs, values, and traditions
Identity begins with the country’s Aboriginal, French, and British roots
Includes many identities
Often define themselves by what they are not
Is a frame of mind which enables people to imagine themselves in someone elses shoes
Grab handout “Differing Visions of Canada” and start recording information

9. Canadian Identity and Geography
“ survival” is the essence of Canadian identity
Canadians are defined by Canada’s vast open spaces, its northern climate, and its small scattered population
Winter

10. One Canada
Canadians want to live together as a civic nations, regardless of their ethnic, cultural, language, and regional differences
This civic nation is the nation-state that began at confederation

11. Pluralistic and Multicultural
Federal government describes one element of Canada’s identity as ‘bilingual within a multicultural context”
Some people believe that diversity is our identity
Canadians are free to maintain their traditional culture and language – because Canada is a mosaic of identities
In 2006 – Stephan Harper proclaimed that the Quebecois constitute a ‘nation within a united Canada’. Harpers statement acknowledged that Quebecois have collective identity that is different from that of other people of Canada

12. Vision of Responsible Government
Read page
A government that would answer to the people of Canada, not to the colony’s British governor.
Make sure that the language and culture of Canada’s Francophone’s were to survive

13. Confederation British North America Act – 1867
Two levels of representative and responsible government
Federal level was to look after national affairs
Provincial would manage their own affairs
‘ ensured Quebec could affirm and promote the language and culture of its Francophone citizens’

14. Evolving Visions of Canada
Please read page 299
Read page 299 and complete handout “Evolving Visions of Canada”

15. Challenges and Opportunities for Francophone's
Read page 300
Immigration (early) – most immigrants spoke and learned English in French areas therefore reducing the influence of Francophone's
French soon came to believe they had three options:
Accept their new position in Canada
Promote a vision of Quebec as a strong, self-governing province within Canada
Promote a vision of a sovereign Quebec

16. Growth of French-Canadian Nationalism
Decades after confederation many Quebecois were suspicious of government policies that encouraged immigration
Henri Bourassa was a Quebec leader who believed that Francophone culture must keep its equal status in Canada
This meant he wanted control of their own affairs
World War One – felt people whose heritage was French should not be required to fight Britain’s battles and also opposed conscription

17. Quiet Revolution Read page 301 Maurice Duplessis / Renee Levesque
Fought for a more independent Quebec focussing on the traditional values of church and community
Wanted to modernize Quebec by improving social programs and the educational system
Wanted to affirm and promote Francophone culture in Quebec
Wanted to take control of immigration, industry, language laws, and some aspects of foreign policy
Pierre Trudeau vision of a United Canada led him to pass the Official Languages Act in 1969 which protected the language rights of all Francophones in Canada
Quebec still fights for distinct identity status

18. Not wanted in Canada Please read pages 302-303
Chinese immigrants were welcomed to Canada to help build the railroad
In 1885, federal government introduced the Chinese Immigration Act which imposed a head tax of $50 on every Chinese person who wanted to come to Canada
By 1904 the tax had risen to $500 per person
By 1923 the government banned nearly all immigration from China
Black immigration from the United States experienced similar discrimination
Wilfred Laurie banned the immigration of Blacks to Canada for one whole year
Jews were denied immigration to Canada at the beginning of World War Two
In 1962 the Immigration Act was Changed
Canada open its doors to people from all over the world and finally in 1971 the federal government adopted a policy of multiculturalism within a bilingual framework

19. Ukrainian Experience
Read pages

20. Metis Self-government
Read page 306
Manitoba Act – created the province of Manitoba
Act recognized the French and English languages as equal and upheld Aboriginal Rights and provided hectares of land for the Metis people
Disagreement over how to distribute the land caused delays
As it delayed, immigrants flooded the region and soon the Metis were outnumbered
Metis felt cheated and disagreements about self government continued
1885 – Louis Riel led an uprising and was later executed for leading the uprising and the Metis dream of self-determination was shattered

21. Treaties, the Indian Act, and Self-determination
Read page 307
1867 – parliament passed the Indian Act
Gave federal government complete control over the lives of First Nations people
Defined who was and Indian or not
First Nations people were allowed to become full citizens only if they gave up their treaty rights
Policy was designed to encourage assimilation
Over the years the Indian Act was changed several times
Tribes are still settling land claims today
Tribes and groups still want self government especially on reserves

22. Founding Nations Debate
Read page
Complete handout “ Some debates about visions of Canada today”
Aboriginal view was ignored – only French and English culture taught as founding cultures
“ Three founding culture” – new trend
This also ignores the contributions of immigrants from countries other than France or Britain

23. Chapter 13 QUIZ