Chapter 3 Study Guide

1.Archives Collections of documents 2.Citations Written indications of the sources for borrowed materials

3.close-ended questions Questions that restrict the number of possible answers 4.Direct quotation The use of borrowed ideas, words, phrases, and sentences exactly as they appear in the original source.

5.Documentation A system of giving credit for borrowed ideas and words 6. open-ended questions Questions that encourage the respondent to provide any answer he or she likes

7.Paraphrase To present someone else’s ideas in your own words. 8. periodicals Materials published at specified intervals of time, such as magazines, newspapers, etc.

9.Plagiarism The act of using another person’s words and/or ideas without properly documenting the source or giving credit 10.Population The group from whom you want to gather data

11.Primary sources Direct or firsthand reports of facts or observations such as an eyewitness account or a diary 12.Reliable data Data that provide results that can be duplicated under similar circumstances

13.Respondents People chosen to answer questions 14. sample A subgroup with the same characteristics as the entire population

15.Secondary sources Indirect or secondhand reports of information, such as the description of an event the writer or speaker did not witness 16.Summarize Condensing longer material, keeping essential ideas and omitting unnecessary parts such as examples and illustrations

17.Valid data Data that provide an accurate measurement of what an individual intends to measure 18.Interview Method of gathering primary data

19.General reference materials Sources for gathering secondary data 20.Ellipses Used to show where words were omitted from a quotation

21.Journals Magazines that are published for scholarly or academic readers.

1.When beginning their research, why do writers usually start with secondary sources and not primary sources? Secondary sources provide general overviews and useful background information. Also, compared to primary sources, they are easier and less expensive to consult.

2. What are examples of general reference materials? Encyclopedias Dictionaries Handbooks Almanacs Fact books

3. What is a style manual? It is a book of rules, including formatting and documentation, that a writer uses to develop a document.

4. Field research is used to gather primary data. What are 3 examples of field research? Surveys Interviews Observation experimentation

5. What is the difference between valid data and reliable? Valid data provide an accurate measurement of what a person intends to measure. Reliable data provide results that can be duplicated under similar circumstances.