REBELLIONS AND REVOLUTIONS

Directions On a sheet of paper (need 2) Read the posters List when the event happened and where Who were the major figures/nations involved What happened during the event What was the outcome

English Civil War Power struggle between Parliament and King Charles I. In 1649 those that were loyal to Parliament and Oliver Cromwell defeated the king They put the king on trial and found him guilty and sentenced him death. Cromwell established a republican form of government ( No Monarchy!) Cromwell used the military to put down any rebellion After his death the Monarchy returned and parliament passed the law of habeas corpus! They also established the idea of a limited Monarchy through a government system called a Constitutional Monarchy.

American Revolution American Colonist were upset with taxes passed by the British Parliament as well as King George III. The two groups came into conflict with each other during events such as the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Parliament passed stricter laws to punish the colonies Eventually the Americans declared independence in July of 1776 and went to war with Great Britain The Americans were led by George Washington and were aided by the French In 1781 the last major battle of the war was fought at Yorktown, Virginia the two sides signed a treaty that officially recognized American independence

French Revolution Inspired by the ideas of the enlightenment and the American Revolution the third estate France challenged long-standing societal norms. They demanded equality, liberty, and democracy In the 1780s France was in poor economic times. The harvest were not successful throughout the decade causing shortages in grain King Louis XVI was a weak leader and along with his wife Marie Antoinette increased the national debt. When all 3 estates met in 1789 the 3 rd estate quickly found themselves in the minority They were locked out the meeting decided to use an indoor tennis court to meet. Their they vowed not to leave until they drafted a new constitution.

Fearing that the King would use his army to kill French citizens many began to collect weapons. Some even took control of the Bastille. Eventually the King and his family were ousted from power and try to escape but are captured The new Nation adopted the ideas set out in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The new government sent both the King and his wife to the guillotine Shortly after the end of the Revolution, Robespierre gained power and used fear to rule France. This period was known as the Reign of Terror. A young general named Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799 and began his conquest of Europe

Haitian Revolution Began as a slave revolt led by Toussaint-Louverture against the French colonial masters He and other slaves resisted the French until Napoleons invasion in 1802 Toussaint-Louverture order a ceasefire and was arrested an jailed in the French Alps where he died Napoleon intended to reintroduce slavery to Haiti and in response the Haitians revolted. With the help of the British the French were defeated In 1804 Haiti became the second independent nation in the Americas.

Latin American Revolutions: Simon Bolivar Throughout the 1800s many Latin American countries won independence from Spain Simon Bolivar led an army against Spain to liberate his native Venezuela He also helped liberate what is today Colombia and Ecuador. Along with Jose de San Martin much of South America owes its independence to Simon Bolivar Today the country of Bolivia is named after him.