Do Now P. 45 Describe how prions are like zombies. Make sure you also draw a diagram!

“Express” yourself On your sheet of paper pick one word that best describes you Fill out the paper with things that relate to you You are limited by the space and you must only use images aside from your one word

Which is it? Is it nature or nurture that influences how we are the way we are? Genes or the environment that influences us? What makes us, us? Personality etc.?

Today We Will… Know what epigenetics is Understand that epigenetic changes from the environment can result in changes in protein structure Epigenetic changes affect how gene is expressed

Epigenetics Epigenetics literally means “outside the gene” Epigenome= above the genome Changes that occur NOT WITHIN the genome No alteration of DNA sequences Can be passed down from cell generation to generation

Epigenetics Your lifestyle choices: food, activities etc. can dictate which genes are turned on or off Some proteins and RNA’s can carry out the process of epigenetic change “your DNA is in pen, but your epigenome is in pencil ” Can be passed down

What is epigenetics MeJg

Quick Check What is epigenetics? In your own terms. True or False: epigenetic changes can be inherited (passed down)? How do you think eating hot cheetos every day affects your genes?

Control of Gene Expression Gene expression can occur through a process called chromatin remodeling Essentially, your DNA is wrapped around a protein called a histone.  the histone can expose or hide the DNA that is wrapped around it Its like a spool of yarn

Control of Gene Expression— chromatin remodeling Chromatin remodeling  where the histones interact with molecules either exposing or hiding certain DNA sections – Methyl (CH3) – Acetyl (CH3CO2) – Phosphates (PO4 -3 )

Quick Check What is a histone and what does it do? What are the 3 molecules that histones interact with? What is this overall process called?

Chromatin Remodeling Methyl (CH3)= turn genes off – Acts as “dimmer” so genes are NOT expressed – No genes transcribed  no protein made Acetyl (CH3CO2) and phosphate (PO4 -3 )= genes ON – Caused histones to move to EXOPOSE genes – Genes transcribed  protein is made

Quick Check What does adding methyl groups to the histones do? (CH3) What about acetyl groups? (CH3CO2)

MicroRNA’s MicroRNA’s are what they sound like: small pieces of RNA – Involved in TRANSLATION of an mRNA sequence – They LIMIT the amount of translation: like a fine tune for what genes will be expressed.

MicroRNA’s These can be very important in cancer cells: – Too few or TOO many can be found in cancer cells – This can then affect what genes are expressed or not expressed.

Quick Check What is a microRNA? Define, draw, describe. What do microRNA’s do?

So which is it? Nature or nurture? Argue on your whiteboards then discuss responses with teammates

Hot Cheetos and Takis? dTDc

How would Hot Cheetos Affect you? Now that you know what you need to know about epigenetics… How would eating hot cheetos every day for 5 years affect your genes?! And Brisk.. Stand up pair up and SHARE

Article Q’s 1. what molecule was discovered and what function can it carry? 2. what are let-7 and mTORC1 and what do they do? 3. Describe autophagy 4. How are let-7 and mTORC1 related? 5.How might autophagy be related to proteasome activity? 6. Think: how do you believe let-7 allows for tumors to be suppressed? 7. Elaborate on what the author was saying with “overall picture of how cells function becomes more fine-tuned, but also more complicated? 8. How could microRNA’s play a role in maintaining homeostasis?