Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-1 Introduction to Information Technology 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Information Technologies in Modern Organizations (continue…) Prepared by: Roberta M. Roth, Ph.D. University of Northern Iowa

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-2 How Information Systems Support Organizations  First, consider how organizations are structured:  Typically by functional departments  Frequently in a hierarchy  May be by project or in a matrix structure  Information Systems in an organization are developed to support the way the organization is structured.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-3 How Information Systems Support Organizations, (continued)  Information systems consist of numerous applications  An application is system developed for a specific purpose  Applications and systems can support  Individuals / teams  Departments  Plants / divisions  Entire enterprise

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-4 How Information Systems Support Organizations, (continued)  Information systems can also be interorganizational  Connect two or more organizations having a common interest or business need.  Important in facilititating e-commerce.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-5 How Information Systems Support People in Organizations  IS support needed by people depends on their role in the organization.  Top managers make strategic decisions  Middle managers make tactical decisions  Line managers make operations decisions  Knowledge workers create and integrate knowledge  Clerical workers use and manipulate information

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-6 How Information Systems Support People in Organizations, (continued) Insert Figure 2.5 from textbook here

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-7 How Information Resources are Managed in Organizations  Information resources encompass many things, including  Hardware (computers, servers, other devices)  Software (development tools, languages, applications)  Databases  Networks (local area, wide area, Internet, intranet)  Procedures  Physical buildings.  Resources are very costly; proper management is essential.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-8 How Information Resources are Managed in Organizations  Responsibility for information resources shared by IS Department and end users.  Organizations must determine who is responsible for planning, purchasing, developing, and maintaining information resources.  Cooperation is essential.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-9 Role of the IS Department  Shifting from technical to managerial orientation.  Increasing focus on adding strategic value to the organization.  As IS is challenged to add strategic value, management of IS becomes more complex.  Chief Information Officer (CIO) heads IS in many organizations.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-10 Ways to Ensure IS Department / End User Cooperation  Use of steering committee  Joint project teams  IS presence on executive committee  Use of service agreements  Information Center  Conflict resolution unit

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-11 Career Opportunities in IT  Systems Analyst / Developer  Webmaster / E-Commerce Specialist  Business Analyst  Programmer  Telecomm / Network Specialist  Database Administrator / Specialist  System Operations Specialist

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-12 Chapter Summary  Information Infrastructure comprised of all facilities, services, and management that supports all computing resources.  Information Architecture details information requirements and how those requirements are being and will be satisfied.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-13 Chapter Summary (continued)  Information Systems are classified by type (TPS, MIS, Support, Intelligent).  Information Systems are designed to support the organization’s structure.  Information Systems provide support to all levels and types of personnel.  Management of IS resources is joint responsibility of IS Dept. and end users.  Many career options available in IS.

Introduction to Information Technology, 2 nd Edition Turban, Rainer & Potter © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2-14 Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United Stated Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information herein.