Section III: The Rise of Civilizations (Pages 16-19) This section is about: This section is about: The characteristics of civilizations. The characteristics of civilizations. How people expanded their knowledge through the early river valley civilizations. How people expanded their knowledge through the early river valley civilizations.

At first, humans were nomads – who moved from place to place. At first, humans were nomads – who moved from place to place. Then, they began to settle together in “ villages ” Then, they began to settle together in “ villages ” If you have a choice today – and you will in a few short years (college/move out) - where do you want to settle? And, why there? If you have a choice today – and you will in a few short years (college/move out) - where do you want to settle? And, why there? Next, they began to form civilizations – which is… Next, they began to form civilizations – which is… An organized social group with developed purposes and goals

Your book says civilizations need 4 things: 1. Cities and Government 1. Cities and Government Cities allowed people to work together, develop skills, trade with others, spread knowledge. Cities allowed people to work together, develop skills, trade with others, spread knowledge. But having cities also meant there needed to be laws to maintain order, armies to protect the group, ways to support people doing special jobs to help out the group (taxes). But having cities also meant there needed to be laws to maintain order, armies to protect the group, ways to support people doing special jobs to help out the group (taxes). So… governments were there to promote and regulate trade, as well as protect the people. What are governments supposed to be doing today? So… governments were there to promote and regulate trade, as well as protect the people. What are governments supposed to be doing today?

2. Job specialization and advanced technology People started specializing in one job, and becoming experts at it. People started specializing in one job, and becoming experts at it. They could focus on making their own tools and methods better – making people better hunters, farmers and artisans. They could focus on making their own tools and methods better – making people better hunters, farmers and artisans.

People began being put into social classes – based on their value. People began being put into social classes – based on their value. Rulers and Priests (often the same people or worked together) Rulers and Priests (often the same people or worked together) Farmers, merchants, and artisans Farmers, merchants, and artisans Slaves Slaves (Most of these groups believed in Gods who controlled their lives) (Most of these groups believed in Gods who controlled their lives) 3. Social classes and religion 3. Social classes and religion

4. Writing and record keeping Needed a way to keep track of buying and selling, laws, taxes, etc… Needed a way to keep track of buying and selling, laws, taxes, etc… (Their record keeping does not have to be like we know it)

Where did some of these early civilizations first develop? The Fertile Crescent The Fertile Crescent The Nile Valley The Nile Valley The Indus Valley The Indus Valley Huang He Valley Huang He Valley What do these all seem to have in common? What do these all seem to have in common? Do you think you need this to start an ancient civilization? Do you think you need this to start an ancient civilization?

The Fertile Crescent The Fertile Crescent Middle East today Middle East today Land around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Land around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Began about 6000 BC Began about 6000 BC Farmers, travelers, and traders Farmers, travelers, and traders 3500 BC – the first cities 3500 BC – the first cities By 3200 BC: the first city-states (a city and its surrounding area) By 3200 BC: the first city-states (a city and its surrounding area) 3300: the first primitive writing 3300: the first primitive writing Before this time: used cuneiform (wedged shaped writing) Before this time: used cuneiform (wedged shaped writing)

The Nile Valley The Nile Valley Still Egypt today Still Egypt today One of the greatest early civilizations One of the greatest early civilizations Began about 3000 BC Began about 3000 BC It ’ s periods in history are called dynasties (when a family rules for a long time) It ’ s periods in history are called dynasties (when a family rules for a long time) You already know a lot about Egypt You already know a lot about Egypt

The Indus Valley The Indus Valley India / Pakistan today India / Pakistan today Seaports, trading centers, and farming areas. Seaports, trading centers, and farming areas. Traded among themselves and other cultures Traded among themselves and other cultures

Huang He Valley Huang He Valley China today China today As early as 6000 BC As early as 6000 BC Were farmers (agriculture) and artisans Were farmers (agriculture) and artisans Found mixing copper and tin would make bronze (stronger) so they ended up with better tools Found mixing copper and tin would make bronze (stronger) so they ended up with better tools Ruled by a king with a large army Ruled by a king with a large army