Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment Lesson #7 p

View of the Universe _______________Theory – the Greeks (earth centered universe) _______________Theory – Nicolaus Copernicus – Polish Astronomy from 1642 – sun centered universe

Galileo Galilei Italian scientist He was the first to use a telescope used for __________________ The Church said new science was wrong, since it went against Christian teachings Galileo was tried by the Church; found guilty of heresy

Isaac Newton English scientist – 1687 Laws of universal gravitation (mutual attraction) _____________________ (predicts gravity)

Enlightenment The world is ___________________ The world of unknowns can be explained Writers published their work – known as __________________ Challenge any power in society –The Church –The Government –Slavery

Thomas Hobbes People are __________ People need _____________ to protect each other from each other People enter into a “__________________” with a government Absolutist, but not Divine Rightest The Leviathan

John Locke People are naturally happy and reasonable People are born with “________________” (life, liberty, property) The government’s job it to protect those rights A government can be _________ if it doesn’t

Baron de Montesquieu Governments are ____________________ Governments should be __________________that have power no other part has, AND each section has some power over the others “Checks and Balances” A non-absolutist You’re not “locked” into a bad government

Voltaire The most outspoken _____________ Attacked injustice Was imprisoned and exiled Hated slavery, tyranny and (most of all) __________ (the _________________)

Enlightened Despots Absolute Rulers with Enlightened ideas ________________of Prussia ________________of Russia Joseph II of Austria

American Revolution Our Founding Fathers learned proper rebellion from philosophes Philosophes learned basic disagreement from Locke, who learned from Hobbes Our nation is result of the ______________________

American Constitution Basics routed in teachings of Montesquieu and Locke __________________in Gov. Limited power to the government Created a “__________System” (power divided into central power and local power)