African Diaspora especially from West Africa 1920s early jazz 1930s Big Band and Swing 1940s Country Blues and Electric Blues 1950s Rock N Roll highly influenced by genres above Now… 1960s comes into play Rhythm & Blues and Soul Music This will become a groundbreaking genre of music: financially, recording wise, culturally with pop culture status like never before Will forever change the landscape and influence pop music for decades to come, even to this day… Progression of Black Music in the U.S. So Far…

How R&B and Soul music came to be The major artists who highlight this genre The people behind the scenes, both the business minds as well as the recording of soul music The impact on the music industry soul music has had… Let’s take a look at who and how this has influenced… What and who we’ll be looking at…

Michael Jackson Stevie Wonder ALL hip hop and rap artists Singers like Aretha Franklin, Diana Ross, influenced modern female singers like Adele, Eryka Bahdu, Beyonce, the list goes on… The “Boy Bands” like N Sync, 98 Degrees, Backstreet Boys would not have been successful had it not been for The Temptations, The Four Tops, Smokey Robinson, The New Soul movement is a direct homage to the old style music of the 1960s The amount of influence this genre has had is more than we have time to discuss in this class…let’s see how! Just to throw out some names…

The term “Rhythm & Blues” describes the cross influences of jazz and blues singers of the 1940s & 1950s The meaning of the term has evolved to include aspects of African American pop music including: Motown, Soul, Funk, and Hip Hop The meaning of R & B is given credit to Ray Charles, who as a jazz pianist and singer in the 1950s, began to sing gospel inspired music in blues clubs Since Ray Charles, R & B has been associated with gospel’s uplifting and “Soulful” singing styles Rhythm & Blues, Soul & Motown

Born into poor sharecropping parents Was educated at prestigious school for the blind where he practiced piano as a young child As an adult played piano with jazz, blues, and western swing bands Shaped his own style of mixing jazz piano styles, back beat rhythms, and gospel melodies This mix would be become to core of “R & B” and “Soul” music for decades to come Ray Charles "What I'd Say" Major Figures Early 1960s R & B

First woman to write her own material Signed with Chess Records in 1955 Famous for magnificent jazz vocal technique and musicianship Continued to tour and record up until her death in 2012 "I'd Rather Go Blind" Etta James Major Figures Early 1960s R & B

Cooke was one of the first successful “singer-songwriter”, and made 29 Top 40 hits in his seven years of stardom His major hits include, “Wonderful World” and “Twistin the Night Away”, & “Chain Gang” He was shot and killed at the Hacienda Hotel here in LA on Dec 11 th 1964 The circumstances of his death are still left with mystery and controversy Sam Cooke "What a Wonderful World" Major Figures Early 1960s R & B

Born into upper middle class Black family- dropped out of HS and pursued business interests Drafted into Korean War, upon returning to start a jazz record store but failed Co Wrote some songs for R & B star Jackie Wilson and started “Hitsville USA”, a jazz oriented recording studio Motown Records Berry Gordy and Motown USA

Black owned jazz studio attracted great talent early on: Singer/Drummer Marvin Gaye Singers Mary Wells and Smokey Robinson Gordy’s success eventually led to “Motown Records” and would eventually feature some of the most renowned Black stars of the 1960s Berry Gordy Berry Gordy and Motown USA

1961- “Please Mr. Postman”- first # 1 hit and gold record for Motown Records Simple back beat complimented by backing vocals influenced highly by Ray Charles and Sam Cooke The Marvellettes "Please Mr. Postman" Hitsville USA- Motown Changes the Scene

“Postman” set the tone for groups like The Supremes and many others Early Motown hits focused on simple songs that could appeal to broadening teen market Mid 1960s- sound revolved around the “Funk Brothers” jazz musicians who focused on precise and skilled arrangements Songs designed to support singer and work well on the road The Sound of Motown…

Gordy insisted on code of “conduct” that ALL Motown talent would adhere to All musical recordings were recorded with live presentation in mind Always well dressed as ladies and gentlemen in public; performing “All the time” Motown was an elevation of early Harlem Renaissance Black Culture The body was important to sell records  similar to Elvis "My Girl" The Look of Motown…

Diana Ross & The Supremes (Motown Records) Aretha Franklin (The Queen of Soul)-Not a Motown artist "Respect""Where Did Our Love Go" The Ladies of Soul Music

Phil Spector in the studio Phil Spector, like Gordy, emphasized high production values, glamor, and efficiency Unlike Gordy, was not concerned with long term success of band, one hit was enough- “1 Hit Wonder” Innovated a recording practice called the “Wall of Sound”- making songs sound bigger by using recording techniques- songs sound like they are recorded in big church Motown Competitor…

The Beatles Let it Be Album Controversy The Beatles were breaking up because of legal issues When they recorded “Let it Be” Album, they used their usual producer George Martin They fired him, and hired Phil Spector to re-master album- the result  a Beatles album with wall of sound. They hated it. In 2003, they released Let it Be –Naked- tracks with0ut “Wall of Sound” "Be My Baby"-The Ronnettes "Silence is Easy"- Starsailor "Get Back" "Get Back" Naked Spector’s “Wall of Sound”-Examples

Phil Spector in court Phil Spector was found guilty of murdering Lana Clarkson, a girlfriend of Spector This was a highly watched murder trial He was sentenced to 19 yrs to life in prison Spector in the news…

Raphael Saadiq Adele Aloe Blacc Jill Scott Erykah Badu The Roots Ft Cody Chesnutt The Soul Music Influence-”Neo Soul”