How would you define Arms Race? (in your own words)

The Race Begins Arms Race Competition between two or more countries for a more powerful military

“Little Boy” - Hiroshima

“Fat Man” - Nagasaki

“Joe-4” – First Soviet H- Bomb

“B53” – U.S. H- Bomb

“Tsar Bomba”

The Race Begins Space Race October 1957 – Soviet Union launched Sputnik First artificial satellite in orbit 1959 – Congress created NASA What advantage does outer space provide in the early Cold War?

Sputnik - The 1 st Artificial Satellite into orbit (by U.S.S.R.) Americans worried that the Soviets would have a significant military advantage In response to Sputnik, Congress created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – to conduct space research. How do you think school programs were affected by the Cold War?

U.S. Nuclear Policy Massive Retaliation The threat of using nuclear weapons to stop communist aggression Brinkmanship Policy of being willing to go to the very brink of nuclear war to oppose communist expansion Duck-and-Cover Generation Not everyone approved of nuclear threats….

C.I.A. Central Intelligence Agency Created by the National Security Act in 1947 Carried out covert operations Bribes Subversion Assassination What is good about covert operations? What is bad about them?

Operation Ajax 1953 – 1 st major covert operation Mohammad Mosaddeq became Iran’s Premiere and he grew more powerful than the shah, Iran’s ruler (and U.S. ally). When Mosaddeq put Iran’s oil under gov. control, the U.S. considered him Communist and the CIA had him overthrown (restored power back to the Shah)

R.I.P. Joseph Stalin

Hello Nikita Khruschev

Suez Canal Crisis Aswan High Dam – Project on the Nile River (U.S. offered to help fund) When Egypt was cooperating with U.S.S.R. the U.S. threatened to stop funding so Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal to help pay for the Project Britain, France, and Israel invaded the areas surrounding the Suez Canal U.S.S.R. threatened to use missiles, war seemed imminent. However, the U.S. joined the U.S.S.R. in condemning the invasion and stopping any war. Eisenhower Doctrine – promised U.S. aid to any Middle Eastern country facing communist aggression.

U-2 Incident

U2 Incident - The Soviet Union shot down a U-2 spy plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers - Eisenhower admitted and tensions between the Soviet Union and the U.S. increased