Pump-Up How do you think the Allies are able to win WWII?

Allied Victory

Today’s Vocabulary D-Day – Turning point of the war in Europe. Manhattan Project – Top secret project to build the atomic bomb.

Tide Turns in Europe The British attacked Rommel one night by surprise. – Rommel retreats. Rommel is defeated when he is caught between the British and American armies in May Hitler lays siege to Stalingrad. – Stalin told his army to defend the city to the death. The Soviet troops launched a counterattack. – The Germans were now on the defensive (Feb. 1943). The Allies capture Sicily from the Italians (Aug 1943) – The new king has Mussolini arrested and surrendered. Hitler puts Mussolini back into power. The Allies enter Rome on June 4, – The Italians find Mussolini trying to escape. They shoot him and hang his body for all to see.

Hitler’s Defensive War Operation Overlord: D-Day (June 6, 1944) – The invasion of Normandy was the largest attack in history; 3 million troops. – By July the Allies marched into Paris. – The Germans were now fighting a defensive war. Battle of the Bulge – Hitler decided to counter-attack to split up the Americans and British forces and supplies. Since the Allies were pushed back, it was given the name Battle of the Bulge. – The Allies eventually pushed the Germans back and they began to retreat.

Victory in Europe 3 million Allied soldiers approached Berlin from the west and 6 million Soviet troops approached from the east. By April 1945, the Soviets had surrounded the capital and were pounding the city with artillery fire. – Hitler committed suicide. On May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered.

Japans Defensive War Battle of Leyte Gulf – The Japanese navy was destroyed. Japan used kamikaze to try and prevent an Allied victory. – Suicide pilots who would sink Allied ships by crashing their planes into them. Iwo Jima – The Japanese had dug into the island and would defend it to the death; no surrender. – The island was 8 square miles of volcanic rock. – 6,821 Americans and 21,703 Japanese were killed after a month of fighting. Okinawa – Fighting on Japanese soil. – 12,000 Americans and over 100,000 Japanese were killed after about 2 months of fighting. – Japanese committed suicide b/c they were told that the American soldiers would go on a rampage of killing and raping.

Victory in Japan The Manhattan Project was led by scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer. President Truman had to decide which method would be most effective in ending the war with Japan. – Land invasion vs. atomic bomb On August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima. – 70, ,000 people died immediately. On August 9, 1945 the second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. – 70,000 people were killed immediately.

Impact of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima Ground Temperatures 7,000  F Hurricane Force Winds980 mph (160 mph) Energy Released20,000 tons of TNT Killed Immediately70,000 people Dead by the end of ,000 people Total Deaths Related to the Atomic Bomb 210,000 people Buildings Destroyed62,000 buildings

Costs of WWII Direct War CostsMilitary Killed/Missing Civilians Killed United States $288 billion292,131_____ Great Britain $117 billion272,31160,595 France $111.3 billion205,707173,260 USSR $93 billion13,600,0007,720,000 Germany $212.3 billion3,300,0002,893,000 Japan $41.3 billion1,140,429953,000

Postwar Gov’t & Politics Some countries are able to quickly return to normal life. Other countries are influenced by Communism. – Offer security during tough economic times. Nuremberg Trials – Court trial in which 22 Nazi’s are charged with “crimes against humanity.”

Postwar Japan General Douglas MacArthur took charge of the U.S. occupation of Japan. – Wanted to be fair and not to plant the seeds of future war. Demilitarization – Disbanding the Japanese armed forces. Brought war criminals to trial. – Many were put to death. Democratization – Process of creating a gov’t elected by the people. Constitutional monarchy

Occupation Brings Changes The Japanese emperor had to declare that he wasn’t divine ruler. – Became a figurehead—a symbol of Japan. The parliament (Diet) and prime minister had the real power. – All citizens over the age of 20 had the right to vote. Article 9 of the Japanese constitution stated that the Japanese could only wage war if they were attacked. The U.S. and Japan now become allies. – The U.S. and the Soviet Union and the U.S. no longer see eye-to-eye.

Reflection Explain how victory was achieved in Europe and in the Pacific during WWII.