Chemical Bonding The types of bonds a substance has influences its chemical and physical properties.

Covalent Bonds  Formed by the sharing of electrons  Typically between two nonmetals

Covalent Bond Properties  Weaker Attraction  Low Melting and Boiling Points  Often a gas at room temperature

Ionic Bonds  Formed by the transfer of electrons  Typically between metals and nonmetals  Cation and Anion  Polyatomic Ions

Ionic Bond Properties  Very Strong Attractive Force  Higher Melting and Boiling Points  Crystal Lattice Structure  Hard but brittle  Shifting of layers causes breakage  Often dissolve in water  Ionic solution is an electrical conductor

Metallic Bonds  Formed by the attraction of two metals  The attraction is between the metal and the sea of electrons  Lots of vacant orbitals that overlap so electrons can roam freely. (sea of electrons)

Metallic Bond Properties  Electrical Conductor in its solid state  Due to freely roaming electrons  Shiny Appearance  Absorbs a wide range of frequencies of light frequencies of light  Malleable and Ductile  Bonding is the same in all directions  Layers can slide freely