1. Ionic Bonding

2. Atoms gain, loose, or share e- to become stable
Octet Rule
Atoms gain, loose, or share e- to become stable
Want to have electron configurations like noble gases (8 valence electrons)
Valence e- are found in the outer s and p sublevels

3. Ions
Ion- atom or molecule that gained or lost e-
becomes more stable.
Cation- ion w/ positive charge (lost e-s)
Usually metals
Anion- ion w/ negative charge (gained e-s)
Usually nonmetals

4. Nuclei of parent atom and it’s ion are same
# of p+ and n0 are same.
Parent atom and it’s ion have different:
# e-s
e- configurations
chemical properties

5. Ionic Bonds
Result from the attraction between cations and anions
e- are transferred from one atom to another
Creates a cation(+) and an anion(-)
Many ionic compounds are called salts

6. Properties of Ionic Compounds
Made from metals (cations) and nonmetals (anions)
Strong bonds
Hard
Brittle
High melting points
High boiling points
Solids are not conductors because the ions cannot move.
Melts or dissolves, the ions can move about so are excellent electrical conductors

7. Salts
A cation or anion attracts all of the oppositely changed ions around it
Makes a tightly packed crystal structure
Attractive force between oppositely charged ions is greater in a crystal than it would be if the ions existed only in pairs
lattice energy = energy released when ionic bonds are formed
Necessary to make the overall process spontaneous.

8. Making a Salt
Releases energy (exothermic)

9. Unit Cell All salts are made of repeating units
Smallest repeating structure is a unit cell
Unit cells make the crystal lattice
These repeating patterns make the crystal shape that can be seen in most salts.