Science Latin root which means “knowing” Latin root which means “knowing” Way of learning about the natural world and the knowledge gained through the process Way of learning about the natural world and the knowledge gained through the process Involves asking questions & seeking answers through a trial and error process Involves asking questions & seeking answers through a trial and error process The Nature of science.

Scientific Method Involves 6 key Steps Involves 6 key Steps Posing a question Posing a question Developing a hypothesis Developing a hypothesis Infer Infer Designing an experiment Designing an experiment Testing the hypothesis/ collecting data Testing the hypothesis/ collecting data Drawing conclusions Drawing conclusions Communicate Results Communicate Results

Two Types Two Types Direct, involves the use of sight, smell, touch, hearing, taste to gather information Direct, involves the use of sight, smell, touch, hearing, taste to gather information Indirect- use of an instruments I.e.. Computer, what else??? Indirect- use of an instruments I.e.. Computer, what else??? Interpretation based on your observation and/or prior knowledge Interpretation based on your observation and/or prior knowledge Observation Observation Inference Inference Skills of the scientific method.

Important method used to test a hypothesis Important method used to test a hypothesis test of hypothesis under conditions established by the scientist test of hypothesis under conditions established by the scientist 2 Types 2 Types Manipulated or Independent Manipulated or Independent Responding or Dependent Responding or Dependent Designing an Experiment Controlled Experiment Variables ?

variable doesn’t change with experiment (controlled by scientist.) variable doesn’t change with experiment (controlled by scientist.) variable changes as a result of the independent variable variable changes as a result of the independent variable Allow scientists to eliminate effects of other variables as factors in the result Allow scientists to eliminate effects of other variables as factors in the result IndependentDependent

Testing the Hypothesis Often difficult to conduct in the real world Often difficult to conduct in the real world Ex. Measuring the rate of ice formation and decline during an ice age Ex. Measuring the rate of ice formation and decline during an ice age

Testing a hypothesis 2 step process 2 step process Collect & Interpret data Collect & Interpret data Data – evidence gained through observation Data – evidence gained through observation Often involve measurements Often involve measurements Measurements based on International System of Units (SI units) Measurements based on International System of Units (SI units) May include the use of models and simulations May include the use of models and simulations

What happens if a hypothesis holds true for a long period? Scientific Theory - well tested scientific concept that explains a wide range of observations - Accepted theory withstands repeated tests

Drawing Conclusions Data may or may not support hypothesis Data may or may not support hypothesis How much data does it take to defeat a hypothesis? How much data does it take to defeat a hypothesis?