Integumentary System Skin, Hair, and Nails

Layers of the Skin!!! FIRST the EPIDERMIS… 1.Stratum Corneum- Outer layer of epidermis. Made of hard nonliving substance. Waterproof, Acidic, & Kills bacteria; 1 st line of defense. Ex. Palms, Soles, Sheds 2. Stratum Germinativum- Cell division occurs here. Push their way to corneum. Allows skin repair. a. Melanocytes- darken in sunlight b. Melanin-skin pigments found in melanocytes. c. Papillae- Provide resistance from slipping and holding objects. (Outer layer, a vascular, NO blood vessels)

Next Two Layers…. Dermis- Dermis- second layer of skin contains connective tissue,blood vessels, nerve endings, muscles, hair follicles, oil & sweat glands, fat cells. True Layer of Skin!!! Subcutaneous- UNDER DERMIS Not a true part of the system. Changes the most of all systems during weight gain.

Parts of the Hair

Appendages (including hair) Nails- Nails- Hard, Keratinized Plates Matrix is the nail bed! Glands- 1. Sebaceous- Oil glands,open onto skin through hair follicle. 2.Sudoriferous- Sweat Glands Tubular-open through a pore. *Underarm perspiration caused by bacteria on skin surface. Activated by heat, pain, fever, & nervousness

Functions of the Skin Protection- protects underlying tissue from dehydration, injury and germ invasion. Protection- protects underlying tissue from dehydration, injury and germ invasion. Regulation of Body Temperature- Controls amount of heat loss by evaporation (perspiration) Regulation of Body Temperature- Controls amount of heat loss by evaporation (perspiration) Sensory Perception- Skin contains nerve endings. Sensory Perception- Skin contains nerve endings. Storage- Temporary storage of fat, glucose, water and salt until the body needs them Storage- Temporary storage of fat, glucose, water and salt until the body needs them Sun Screen- Screens out harmful UV radiation Sun Screen- Screens out harmful UV radiation Absorption- drugs and other chemical substances ( topical medicine) Absorption- drugs and other chemical substances ( topical medicine)

Functions of the Glands Excretion- Excretion- Sudoriferous Sudoriferous Lubrication- Lubrication- Sebaceous Sebaceous

Skin Disorders Acne Vulgaris - sebaceous glands secrete excessive oils which becomes keratinized and plugs opening preventing oils from escaping. Leukocytes fill area and create pus. Common and chronic disease. Acne Vulgaris - sebaceous glands secrete excessive oils which becomes keratinized and plugs opening preventing oils from escaping. Leukocytes fill area and create pus. Common and chronic disease. Athletes Foot- Contagious fungal infection, blisters, cracking, scaling between toes or fingers; Rx: clean, dry, antifungal agents Athletes Foot- Contagious fungal infection, blisters, cracking, scaling between toes or fingers; Rx: clean, dry, antifungal agents

More Disorders…… Genital Herpes- Blisters occur in genital area; viral infection; Some periods of remission. Can be passed to baby during birth process. Genital Herpes- Blisters occur in genital area; viral infection; Some periods of remission. Can be passed to baby during birth process. Rx: medication  Skin Cancer - Caused by sun exposure. Most common type of cancer. a. Basal Cell Carcinoma- usually on face, 99% cure rate, least malignant b. Squamous Cell Carcinoma- usually on scalp & lip c. Malignant Melanoma- noticeable through black, irregular patches or changes in mole or wart. Metastasizes quickly.

Last Page of Disorders (almost done) Last Page of Disorders (almost done) Burns- Dehydration and infection can occur. Burns- Dehydration and infection can occur. 1 st degree- epidermis only; red swelling pain 2 nd degree- epidermis and dermis; red, swelling, pain, blisters 3 rd degree- complete destruction; eschar-blackened skin Alopecia- baldness, permanent hair loss; can be genetic, normal hair replaced by thin, transparent hair. Alopecia- baldness, permanent hair loss; can be genetic, normal hair replaced by thin, transparent hair. Dermatitis - inflammation of the skin; produces rash (caused by irritation or stress) Dermatitis - inflammation of the skin; produces rash (caused by irritation or stress) Herpes Simplex 1- fever blisters, viral infection; usually water blisters around the mouth Herpes Simplex 1- fever blisters, viral infection; usually water blisters around the mouth

Skin disorders