Encoding Failure Illustrate the effort needed to store some things in our memory despite extensive exposure to the stimuli.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Advertisements

Do you have a good memory?. Process of memory Encoding – must be able to encode info properly – otherwise – why bother? You must store it correctly –

Forgetting. The loss of information or the inability to access previously encoded information within memory Can be seen as beneficial as it gets rid of.

Remembering & Forgetting

EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION IN MODULES David Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, © 2011.

When Memory Fails: Why we Forget. Memory: The persistence of learning over time. Encoding Storage Retrieval.

Article  Read the copy of the article provided –This is an in class set, please don’t write on it.  Take notes on all elements relating to memory.

Memory. Questions Why do we forget? Is it possible to have a false memory? How can we improve memory?

Step Up To: Discovering Psychology by John J. Schulte, Psy.D. From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 4e Worth Publishers (2007) From: Hockenbury.

1 Forgetting, Memory Construction and Applying Memory Principles to Your Own Education Module 28.

When Memory Fails FORGETTING.  Decay Theory - Ebbinghaus  “Memory fades over time.”  The more often you revisit information, the better you will remember.

Chapter 6: Memory Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Module 12 Remembering & Forgetting. INTRODUCTION recall –retrieving previously learned information without the aid of or with very few external cues recognition.

Forgetting Memory Construction and Memory Improvement.

DAY 3. Fun Stuff re: Encoding Failure What is the color on the top stripe of the American Flag? Bottom stripe color? A wooden pencil that isn’t round.

 Memory doesn't work the same in every situation.  Certain factors, such as time of day, location, distractions, events and internal states can affect.

MEMORY – CHAPTER 9 QUESTIONS

PSYCHOLOGY, Ninth Edition in Modules David G. Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, © 2010.

Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Improving Memory Module 22.

Memory Three processes of memory Memory systems Memory tasks Terms

Inability to retrieve information previously stored in LTM

Why we forget The 7 causes of memory failure. The importance of forgetting  At this point in the unit, you know the three types, processes, and stages.

Encoding Storage Retrieval ForgettingMisc.

Retrieval: Getting Information Out Retrieval refers to getting information out of the memory store. Spanky’s Yearbook Archive.

iClicker Questions for

Group 9 “Why do we forget?” Bailey, Brittany, Stephen, Annika.

Forgetting and Memory Construction. Information Processing Model Encoding – process of getting information into the memory system Storage - retention.

Myers 5e Chapter 9 Memory The Phenomenon of Memory Forming Memories: An Example Memory as Information Processing Summing Up.

Forgetting Chapter 8, Lecture 5 “A good memory is helpful, but so is the ability to forget. If a memory-enhancing pill becomes available, it had better.

Forgetting An inability to retrieve from LTM. But is forgetting necessarily a retrieval failure? “RetrievaI failure” implies the information is there.

Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Improving Memory Module 22

Forgetting Theories Encoding failure Role of time

Retrieving & Forgetting Memories. Memory Construction Leveling: Simplifying material, shortening Sharpening: Highlighting or overemphasizing some details.

Module 12 Remembering & Forgetting. INTRODUCTION Recall –Retrieving previously learned information without the aid of, or with very few, external cues.

Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst.

FORGETTING. Problems with Retrieval (Forgetting)  Availability of memory refers to whether the material is actually there to be retrieved  Accessibility.

Psychology MCQs ~Memory~. 1. To prevent information in short-term store from decaying, one can use ________. a. rehearsal a. rehearsal b. elaboration.

At the end of this lesson you will be able to: Improve mental ability to solve a math problem. Identify information needed for the situation, including.

Memory Storage. Storage: Retaining Information At the heart of memory is storage. Three stores of memory are shown below: Sensory Memory Working Memory.

Chapter 6 Memory. The mental processes that enable us to retain and sue information over time.

Retrieval and Forgetting AP Psychology. Forgetting An inability to retrieve information due to poor encoding, storage, or retrieval. Biological Reasons.

Memory Retrieval: Getting Information Out. Retrieval Retrieval is: Recall Recognition Speedy relearning All three are evidence that something has been.

1. Contrast two types of sensory information. 2. Describe the duration and working capacity of short-term memory. 3. Describe the capacity and duration.

Forgetting Encoding Failure Forgetting Storage Decay –Ebbinghaus curve.

Memory “no memory is ever alone; it’s at the end of a trail of memories, a dozen trails that each have their own associations.” Chapter 13.

Forgetting and Memory Construction. Forgetting Inability to retrieve information, due to poor encoding, storage or retrieval. WHY DO I HAVE THIS STRING.

Forgetting. DO NOW How would damage to the hippocampus affect an individual’s memory? – Think about Patient H.M.

Chapter 7 Memory. The basics Encoding – how info becomes part of memory Storage – maintaining memory Retrieval – recall People think in 2 ways – via language.

Penny Memory Test Retrieval test: what words and numbers, in which locations, are on the front of a U.S. one cent coin? Recognition test: choose the correct.

 Encoding /Retrieval failure  Motivated forgetting  Decay  Interference theories.

Retrieval & Forgetting. Using Cues to Aid Retrieval Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon (official definition) - Temporary inability to remember something you.

Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst.

Unit 7A: Cognition: Memory

Module 19 Forgetting and Memory Construction

Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Improving Memory Module 33

Retrieval and Forgetting

Chapter 10 Memory.

Processes in Memory Three step process…

Retrieval Failure Although the information is retained in the memory store, it cannot be accessed. Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) is a retrieval failure phenomenon.

Encoding Failure 1. Without looking at the flag, what color is the top stripe? The bottom stripe? How many red stripes and white stripes does it have?

FORGETTING & MEMORY CONSTRUCTION

Stages of Memory Sequential Process Keyboard (Encoding) Disk (Storage)

AP Psychology Exam Reivew

Clicker Questions for Psychology, 10th Edition by David G. Myers

iClicker Questions for

Forgetting and Memory Construction

33.1 – Explain why we forget. Herman Ebbinghaus was one of the first researchers to investigate the elements of forgetting. He discovered the Ebbinghaus.

Presentation transcript:

Encoding Failure Illustrate the effort needed to store some things in our memory despite extensive exposure to the stimuli.

Forgetting An inability to retrieve information due to poor encoding, storage, or retrieval.

Encoding Failure We cannot remember what we do not encode.

Activity: Encoding Failure 1. What is the color of the top stripe of the American flag? The bottom stripe? How many red and how many white stripes does it have? 2. If you have a watch with mechanical hands, cover the face and try to recall what it looks like. How many numbers does it have? Are they Arabic or Roman numerals—or does it have any numbers at all?

Activity: Encoding Failure 3. Most wooden pencils are not round. How many sides do they typically have? 4. In what hand does the Statue of Liberty hold her torch? 5. The White House is pictured on the back of a $20 bill. What is on the back of a $10 bill? A $5 bill? A $1 bill? 6. What four words besides “In God We Trust” appear on most U.S. coins?

Activity: Encoding Failure 1. What is the color of the top stripe of the American flag? (Red) The bottom stripe? (Red) How many red and how many white stripes does it have? (7 red and 6 white) 2. If you have a watch with mechanical hands, cover the face and try to recall what it looks like. How many numbers does it have? Are they Arabic or Roman numerals—or does it have any numbers at all?

Activity: Encoding Failure 3. Most wooden pencils are not round. How many sides do they typically have? (Six) 4. In what hand does the Statue of Liberty hold her torch? (Right) 5. The White House is pictured on the back of a $20 bill. What is on the back of a $10 bill? (Treasury Building) A $5 bill? (Lincoln Memorial) A $1 bill? (The word “One”) 6. What four words besides “In God We Trust” appear on most U.S. coins? (United States of America)

Activity 2: Penny Which way does Lincoln face as you look at a penny? Is anything written above his head? Anything below his head? Anything written to the left of his face? Anything written to the right of his face?

The reason most North Americans cannot accurately describe the head of a penny is due to: 1.A. storage decay. 2.B. encoding failure. 3.C. motivated forgetting. 4.D. retrieval failure.

Storage Decay Poor durability of stored memories leads to their decay. Ebbinghaus showed this with his forgetting curve.

Retaining Spanish Bahrick (1984) showed a similar pattern of forgetting and retaining over 50 years. Andrew Holbrooke/ Corbis

Retrieval Failure Although the information is retained in the memory store, it cannot be accessed. Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) is a retrieval failure phenomenon. Given a cue (What makes blood cells red?) the subject says the word begins with an H (hemoglobin).

Interference Learning some new information may disrupt retrieval of other information.

Retroactive Interference Sleep prevents retroactive interference. Therefore, it leads to better recall.

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates: 1.A. the spacing effect. 2.B. proactive interference. 3.C. retroactive interference. 4.D. state-dependent memory.

After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Adam cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Adam's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates: A. repression. B. retroactive interference. C. encoding failure. D. source amnesia.

After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Adam cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Adam's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates: 1.A. repression. 2.B. retroactive interference. 3.C. encoding failure. 4.D. source amnesia.