SKELETAL SYSTEM Mr. Roche

Bones of the Hand and Wrist Health A(Hamate) Class B(Capitate) Tends C(Trapezoid) To D(Trapezium) Produce E(Pisiform) Trustworthy F (Triquetral) Leadership G(Lunate) Skills H(Scaphoid)

Bones of the Hand and Wrist A – Hamate B – Capitate C – Trapezoid D – Trapezium E – Pisiform F – Triquetral G – Lunate H – Scaphoid

Welcome Class! Quietly find your seat and get ready for class Hand in skeleton projects below on chair

#1 Bell Ringer: How many bones are in the human body? 206 Have you ever broken a bone?

#2 Bell Ringer: Bones are held together by flexible bands of connective tissue called? Ligaments

#3 Bell Ringer: List 2 or more types of joints in the body. Gliding Joint Hinge Joint Pivot Joint Ellipsoidal Joint Ball and socket Joint Fixed Joint

Fun Questions What is the largest bone in your body? Fe mur

Fun Questions What is the smallest bone in your body ? Stapes

Fun Questions The three auditory ossicles The malleus, incus, and stapes – are tiny bones found in the middle ear. Each bone is named in Latin for its shape: Malleus - means hammer or mallet Incus - means anvil Stapes - means stirrup

5 Functions of the Skeletal System 1. Movement: Skeletal system provides points of attachment for muscles. Your legs and arms move when the muscles pull on the bones. 2. Support: The backbone is the main support center for the upper body. It holds your head up and protects your spinal cord. Muscle attached to bones!!

5 Functions of the Skeletal System 3. Protection: The bones of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from injury. 4. Makes Blood: Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of the bone.

5 Functions of the Skeletal System 5. Storage: Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body

5 Main Functions of the Skeletal System 1. Allows movement of limbs 2. Provides support for the body

5 Main Functions of the Skeletal System 3. Protects internal organs from damage.

5 Main Functions of the Skeletal System 4. Production of red and white blood cells 5. Storage: Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body

2 main parts of skeletal system 1. Axial Center of skeleton Ribs, sternum, skull, and spine 2. Appendicular All the limbs outside the axial skeleton

4 Types of Bones 1. Long Bones Humerus, Femur (arm and leg bones) 2. Short Bones Found in wrist and ankle (carpals and tarsals) 3. Flat bones Ribs, Scapula 4. Irregular Bones Vertebrae

Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.1

2 Layers of Bone 1. Periosteum – Outer layer Dense, thick, and hard 2. Endosteum – Inner layer Less dense bone that is sponge like.

Types of Joints 1. Joint : A location in the body where two or more bones meet to enable movement. 2. Ball and Socket Joint Enables wide range of motion Example – shoulder and hip 3. Hinge Joint Lesser range of motion than ball and socket Example elbow and knee 4. Pivot Joint Enables rotation of head and forearm

Ball and Socket Joint

Hinge Joint

Pivot Joint

3 Types of Connective Tissue 1. Cartilage – Strong, flexible tissue that makes up soft parts of body. Tip of nose, ear All bones (from the time of birth) start as cartilage. As cartilage hardens, it turns to bone. This process is called ossification.

3 Types of Connective Tissue 2. Ligament – Band of fibrous, elastic tissue that connects BONE to BONE!

3 Types of Connective Tissue 3. Tendon – Fibrous cord that attaches MUSCLE to BONE! Achilles tendon in back of your foot

Problems of Skeletal System 1. Fracture – Any type of break in the bone 4 Types 1a. Hairline Fracture – Parts of the bone do not separate

Problems of Skeletal System 1b. Transverse Fracture – When the break is completely across the bone

Problems of Skeletal System 1c. Comminuted Fracture – Bone shatters in more than 2 pieces

1d. Compound Fracture – Break in bone punctures the skin

Problems of Skeletal System 2. Osteoporosis – condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue Bones weaken and become brittle Caused by a lack of vitamin D and calcium Milk and other dairy products are excellent sources. Weight training and physical activity help increase bone mass

Osteopososis video =related =related

Problems of Skeletal System 3. Scoliosis: Lateral, side to side, curvature of the spine. Depending on how serious, can be treated by light exercise, a special brace, or surgery.

Problems of the Joints 1. Dislocation – Bone slips out of place, tearing the ligaments that attach bone to bone

Elbow Dislocation

Problems of the Joints 2. Arthritis – inflammation of a joint, resulting from natural wear and tear

Problems of the Joints 3. Carpal tunnel syndrome – Ligaments and tendons in the wrist swell, causing numbness, pain, and weakness in the hand. Caused by normal wear and tear – typing, writing, etc.

Athletic Injuries

Keeping Skeletal System Healthy Consume Calcium and Vitamin D! Found in dairy products such as milk and yogurt Participate in regular physical activity Exercise promotes better blood circulation which helps to nourish bones Light weight lifting can enhance bone mass.

Keeping Skeletal System Healthy Wear protective gear Helmets, pads with contact sports, etc. Keep teeth clean!! Infections from cavities can potentially spread to jaw bone and other facial bones.

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1.Color each Bone a different color 2.Carefully cut Each bone out. 3. Accurately Glue bones On construction Paper. The Foot The Hand 4. Label bones!

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